Immunometabolism in the Pathogenesis of Depressive Disorders-Therapeutic Considerations
Abstract
There exists a critical link between immunological processes and metabolic changes. Furthermore, it becomes more and more evident that changes in immunometabolic pathways are highly interconnected with psychological processes and the nervous system. Depressive disorders are a major contributor to the overall burden of disease worldwide. Despite extensive research, therapeutic interventions are often not satisfying. This may be due to the yet only partially elucidated pathobiochemistry underlying the development of depression which may be influenced by multiple factors including genetics, environment, lifestyle, and importantly by the immunological status. In this review article, the roles and consequences of the interferon gamma-dependent pathways of tryptophan breakdown and neopterin formation are discussed, as well as phenylalanine metabolism, trying to provide a rational link between immunology, metabolism and mental status. Besides underlining the complexity of the mechanism involved in the development of depression, the knowledge on relevant biomarkers may be useful in orchestrating personalized therapy regimes.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Factors such as age, social or socioeconomic status, social support, financial strain and deprivation, food insecurity, education, employment status, living arrangements, marital status, race, childhood conflict and bullying, violent crime exposure, abuse, discrimination, (self)-stigma, ethnicity and migrant status, working conditions, adverse or significant life events, illiteracy or health liter
“Factors such as age, social or socioeconomic status, social support, financial strain and deprivation, food insecurity, education, employment status, living arrangements, marital status, race, childhood conflict and bullying, violent crime exposure, abuse, discrimination, (self)-stigma, ethnicity and migrant status, working conditions, adverse or significant life events, illiteracy or health liter”
From Biological, Psychological, and Social Determinants of Depression: A Review of Recent Literature (2021) · cites this paper as [133]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Biological, Psychological, and Social Determinants of Depression: A Review of Recent Literature
Remes, O., Mendes, J. F., & Templeton, P. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11121633 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Immunometabolism at the service of traditional Chinese medicine
Cui, H., Zhang, J., Cheng, X.-H., Zheng, J., Zhang, Q., Zheng, R., You, L., Han, D., & Shang, H. (2022) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106081 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Carbone, J. T. (2020) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100638 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Carvalho-Costa, T. M., Neto, J. R. D. C., Teodoro, A. G. F., Soares, F. Z., Rochael, L. P., Farnesi-de-Assunção, T. S., de Souza, B. C., Matos, B. S., dos Santos, P. D. F., da Silva, D. A. A., et al. (2022) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2022/7985596 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“These molecules directly interfere with the production of serotonin, a substance that gives feelings of well-being [31, 32].”
Inflammation, infection and depression: an evolutionary perspective
Doyle, C., Swain, W. A., Ewald, H. A. S., & Ewald, P. W. (2019) · Evolutionary Human Sciences · doi:10.1017/ehs.2019.15 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Correlations between cytokines and depression are, however, complex, defying simple cause/effect explanations (Geisler et al. 2018).”
BackgroundThe role of immunometabolism in HIV-associated depression and cognitive impairment
Andalibi, M. S. S., & Ellis, R. J. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99744-7.00028-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Bayram, F. E. Ö., Alradhwani, S. A. A., Tugcu, G., et al. (2020) · ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00519 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
New Approaches for the Treatment of Mental Disorders Comorbid with Inflammatory Diseases
Si̇pahi̇, H., & Reininghaus, E. Z. (2020) · Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/156802662015200601093328
Gorbovsky, M. V., Kiryukhina, S. V., Kolmykova, N. А., & Иванович, К. Н. (2025) · Medicine and Biotechnology · doi:10.15507/3034-6231.001.202504.322-341
- Authors
- Geisler, S., Sperner-Unterweger, B., Fuchs, D., & Gostner, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Innsbruck Medical University (AT)
- Department of Psychiatry II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Corresponding author
- Fuchs, Dietmar
- Venue
- Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
- Publisher
- Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
- Published
- 2018-11-26
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 1408-1415
- ISSN
- 1568-0266 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2798047090
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 0.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- immunometabolism, depression, tryptophan metabolism, kynurenine pathway, interferon-gamma, neopterin, phenylalanine metabolism, biomarkers, personalized treatment, neuroinflammation
- MeSH terms
- Antidepressive Agents, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Interferon-gamma, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Neopterin
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
