CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 343Epilepsy research and treatmentPharmacogenetics and Drug MetabolismPharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies

Antiepileptic drug interactions—Principles and clinical implications

Open access
I. Johannessen, Svein, Johannessen Landmark, Cecilie·2010·Current Neuropharmacology
DOI 10.2174/157015910792246254PMC PMC3001218
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are widely used as long-term adjunctive therapy or as monotherapy in epilepsy and other indications and consist of a group of drugs that are highly susceptible to drug interactions. The purpose of the present review is to focus upon clinically relevant interactions where AEDs are involved and especially on pharmacokinetic interactions. The older AEDs are susceptible to cause induction (carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone) or inhibition (valproic acid), resulting in a decrease or increase, respectively, in the serum concentration of other AEDs, as well as other drug classes (anticoagulants, oral contraceptives, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antimicrobal drugs, antineoplastic drugs, and immunosupressants). Conversely, the serum concentrations of AEDs may be increased by enzyme inhibitors among antidepressants and antipsychotics, antimicrobal drugs (as macrolides or isoniazid) and decreased by other mechanisms as induction, reduced absorption or excretion (as oral contraceptives, cimetidine, probenicid and antacides). Pharmacokinetic interactions involving newer AEDs include the enzyme inhibitors felbamate, rufinamide, and stiripentol and the inducers oxcarbazepine and topiramate. Lamotrigine is affected by these drugs, older AEDs and other drug classes as oral contraceptives. Individual AED interactions may be divided into three levels depending on the clinical consequences of alterations in serum concentrations. This approach may point to interactions of specific importance, although it should be implemented with caution, as it is not meant to oversimplify fact matters. Level 1 involves serious clinical consequences, and the combination should be avoided. Level 2 usually implies cautiousness and possible dosage adjustments, as the combination may not be possible to avoid. Level 3 refers to interactions where dosage adjustments are usually not necessary. Updated knowledge regarding drug interactions is important to predict the potential for harmful or lacking effects involving AEDs.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2174/157015910792246254

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Other medication classes often encountered in oral surgery patients that may increase DDI risk include antidiabetic drugs such as GLP-1 agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors, statins, antiepileptics, and antiresorptive osteoporosis drugs associated with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

    “Other medication classes often encountered in oral surgery patients that may increase the risk of DDI include antidiabetic drugs (such as GLP-1 agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors) [13], statins [14], antiepileptics [15,16] and antiresorptive osteoporosis drugs, which are associated with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) [17][18][19][20].”

    From Comparing Artificial Intelligence (ChatGPT, Gemini, DeepSeek) and Oral Surgeons in Detecting Clinically Relevant Drug–Drug Interactions in Dental Therapy (2025) · cites this paper as [15]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 117

  1. [2]Johannessen Landmark C Larsson PG Rytter E Johannessen SI Antiepileptic drugs in epilepsy and other disorders: A population-based study of prescriptions Epilepsy Res 2009 87 31 39 19679449
  2. [3]Tsiropoulos I Gichangi A Andersen M Bjerrum L Gaist D Hallas J Trends in utilization of antiepileptic drugs in Denmark Acta Neurol. Scand 2006 405 411 Erratum in: Acta Neurol. Scand. 2006, 114, 70 16674607
  3. [4]van de Vrie-Hoekstra NW de Vries TW van den Berg PB Brouwer OF de Jong-van den Berg LT Antiepileptic drug utilization in children from 1997-2005--a study from the Netherlands Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol 2008 64 1013 1020 18618103
  4. [5]Johannessen Landmark C Rytter E Johannessen SI Clinical use of antiepileptic drugs at a referral center for epilepsy Seizure 2007 16 356 364 17420145
  5. [6]Rytter E Johannessen Landmark C Johannessen SI Admission of children to a referral center for epilepsy- does it make a difference? Seizure 2009 18 573 579 19576793
  6. [7]Levy RH Collins C Risk and predictability of drug interactions in the elderly Int. Rev. Neurobiol 2007 81 235 251 17433928
  7. [8]Hachad H Ragueneau-Majlessi I Levy RH New antiepileptic drugs: review on drug interactions Ther. Drug Monit 2002 24 91 103 11805729
  8. [9]Patsalos PN Fröscher W Pisani F van Rijn CM The importance of drug interactions in epilepsy therapy Epilepsia 2002 43 365 385 11952767
  9. [10]Patsalos PN Perucca E Clinically important drug interactions in epilepsy: general features and interactions between antiepileptic drugs Lancet Neurol 2003 2 347 356 12849151
  10. [11]Patsalos PN Perucca E Clinically important drug interactions in epilepsy: interactions between antiepileptic drugs and other drugs Lancet Neurol 2003 2 473 481 12878435
  11. [12]Perucca E Clinically relevant drug interactions with antiepileptic drugs Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol 2006 61 246 255 16487217 PMC1885026
  12. [13]Johannessen Landmark C Patsalos PN Drug interactions involving the new second- and third-generation antiepileptic drugs Expert Rev. Neurother 2010 10 1 119 40 20021326
  13. [14]Johannessen SI Landmark CJ Value of therapeutic drug monitoring in epilepsy Expert Rev. Neurother 2008 8 929 939 18505358
  14. [15]Johannessen SI Tomson T Pharmacokinetic variability of newer antiepileptic drugs: when is monitoring needed? Clin Pharmacokinet 2006 45 1061 1075 17048972
  15. [16]Patsalos PN Berry DJ Bourgeois BF Cloyd JC Glauser TA Johannessen SI Leppik IE Tomson T Perucca E Antiepileptic drugs--best practice guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring: a position paper by the subcommission on therapeutic drug monitoring, ILAE Commission on Therapeutic Strategies Epilepsia 2008 49 1239 1276 18397299
  16. [17]Anderson GD Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacogenetic targeted therapy of antiepileptic drugs Ther. Drug Monit 2008 2 173 180 18367977
  17. [18]Williams JA Hyland R Jones BC Smith DA Hurst S Goosen TC Peterkin V Koup JR Ball SE Drug-drug interactions for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates: a pharmacokinetic explanation for typically observed low exposure (AUCi/AUC) ratios Drug Metab. Dispos 2004 32 1201 1208 15304429
  18. [19]Zhou SF Xue CC Yu XQ Li C Wang G Clinically important drug interactions potentially involving mechanism-based inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 and the role of therapeutic drug monitoring Ther. Drug Monit 2007 29 687 710 18043468
  19. [20]Sirot EJ van der Velden JW Rentsch K Eap CB Baumann P Therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacogenetic tests as tools in pharmacovigilance Drug Saf 2006 29 735 768 16944962
  20. [21]Zhou SF Polymorphism of human cytochrome P450 2D6 and its clinical significance: Part I Clin. Pharmacokinet 2009 48 689 723 19817501
  21. [22]Zhou SF Polymorphism of human cytochrome P450 2D6 and its clinical significance: Part II Clin. Pharmacokinet 2009 48 761 804 19902987
  22. [23]Wang LS Zhu B Abd El-Aty AM Zhou G Li Z Wu J The influence of St John's Wort on CYP2C19 activity with respect to genotype J. Clin. Pharmacol 2004 44 577 581 15145964
  23. [26]Green MD Bishop WP Tephly TR Expressed human UGT1.4 protein catalyzes the formation of quaternary ammonium-linked glucuronides Drug Metab. Dispos 1995 23 299 302 7628292
  24. [27]Chung JY Cho JY Yu KS Kim JR Lim KS Sohn DR Shin SG Jang IJ Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of lorazepam and valproic acid in relation to UGT2B7 genetic polymorphism in healthy subjects Clin. Pharmacol. Ther 2008 83 595 600 17687269
  25. [28]Löscher W Klotz U Zimprich F Schmidt D The clinical impact of pharmacogenetics on the treatment of epilepsy Epilepsia 2009 50 1 23 18627414
  26. [29]Mintzer S Mattson RT Should enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs be considered first-line agents? Epilepsia 2009 50 Suppl. 8 42 50 19702733
  27. [30]Verrotti A Coppola G Parisi P Mohn A Chiarelli F Bone and calcium metabolism and antiepileptic drugs Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg 2009 112 1 10 19913352
  28. [31]Beydoun A D'Souza J Hebert D Doty P Lacosamide: pharmacology, mechanisms of action and pooled efficacy and safety data in partial-onset seizures Expert Rev. Neurother 2009 9 33 42 19102666
  29. [32]Halász P Kälviäinen R Mazurkiewicz-Beldzinska M Rosenow F Doty P Hebert D Sullivan T Adjunctive lacosamide for partial-onset seizures: Efficacy and safety results from a randomized controlled trial Epilepsia 2009 50 443 453 19183227
  30. [33]Bialer M Johannessen SI Levy RH Perucca E Tomson T White HS Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: A summary of the Ninth Eilat Conference (EILAT IX) Epilepsy Res 2009 83 1 43 19008076
  31. [34]Brodie MJ Rosenfeld WE Vazquez B Sachdeo R Per-domo C Mann A Arroyo S Rufinamide for the adjunctive treatment of partial seizures in adults and adolescents: A randomized placebo-controlled trial Epilepsia 2009 50 1899 1909 19490053
  32. [35]Perucca E Cloyd J Critchley D Fuseau E Rufinamide: clinical pharmacokinetics and concentration-response relationships in patients with epilepsy Epilepsia 2008 49 1123 1141 18503564
  33. [36]May TW Rambeck B Serum concentrations of valproic acid: influence of dose and comedication Ther. Drug Monit 1985 7 387 390 3936236
  34. [37]Besag FM Berry DJ Pool F Newbery JE Subel B Carbamazepine toxicity with lamotrigine: pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interaction? Epilepsia 1998 39 183 187 9577998
  35. [38]Palmer KJ McTavish D A review of its pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy in epilepsy Drugs 1993 45 1041 1065 7691493
  36. [39]Wagner ML Graves NM Marienau K Holmes GB Rem-mel RP Leppik IE Discontinuation of phenytoin and carbamazepine in patients receiving felbamate. Epilepsia Epilepsia 1991 32 398 406 1904346
  37. [40]Armijo JA Bravo JJ Cuadrado A Herranz JL Lamotrigine serum concentration-to-dose ratio: influence of age and concomitant antiepileptic drugs and dosage implications Ther. Drug Monit 1999 21 182 190 10217338
  38. [41]May TW Rambeck B Jürgens U Influence of oxcarbazepine and methsuximide on lamotrigine concentrations in epileptic patients with and without valproic acid comedication: results of a retrospective study Ther. Drug Monit 1999 21 175 181 10217337
  39. [42]Hirsch LJ Arif H Buchsbaum R Weintraub D Lee J Chang JT Resor SR Jr Basil CW Effect of age and comedication on levetiracetam pharmacokinetics and tolerability Epilepsia 2007 48 1351 1359 17573925
  40. [43]May TW Rambeck B Jürgens U Serum concentrations of levetiracetam in epileptic patients: the influence of dose and co-medication Ther. Drug Monit 2003 25 690 699 14639055
  41. [44]Perucca E Gidal BE Baltes E Effects of antiepileptic comedication on levetiracetam pharmacokinetics: a pooled analysis of data from randomized adjunctive therapy trials Epilepsy Res 2003 53 47 56 12576167
  42. [45]McKee PJ Blacklaw J Forrest G Gillham RA Walker SM Conelly D Brodie M A double-blind, placebo-controlled interaction study between oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine, sodium valproate and phenytoin in epileptic patients Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol 1994 37 27 32 8148215 PMC1364705
  43. [46]Tartara A Galimberti CA Manni R Morini R Limido G Gatti G The pharmacokinetics of oxcarbazepine and its active metabolite 10-hydroxy-carbazepine in healthy subjects and in epileptic patients treated with phenobarbital or valproic acid Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol 1993 36 366 368 12959317 PMC1364692
  44. [47]May T Rambeck B Neb R Jürgens U Serum concentrations of pregabalin in patients with epilepsy: The influence of dose, age, and comedication Ther. Drug Monit 2007 29 789 794 18043477
  45. [48]Bialer M Johannessen SI Kupferberg HJ Levy RH Loiseau P Perucca E Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: a summary of the Fifth Eilat conference (Eilat V) Epilepsy Res 2001 43 11 58 11137386
  46. [49]Adín J Gómez MC Blanco Y Herranz JL Armijo JA Topiramate serum concentration-to-dose ratio: influence of age and concomitant antiepileptic drugs and monitoring implications Ther. Drug Monit 2004 26 251 257 15167623
  47. [50]Ojemann LM Shastri RA Wilensky AJ Friel PN Levy RH McLean JR Buchanan RA Comparative pharmacokinetics of zonisamide (CI-912) in epileptic patients on carbamazepine or phenytoin monotherapy Ther. Drug Monit 1986 8 293 296 3750373
  48. [51]Bialer M Johannessen SI Kupferberg HJ Levy RH Perucca E Tomson T Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: A summary of the Eigth Eilat Conference (EILAT VIII) Epilepsy Res 2007 73 1 52 17158031
  49. [52]May TW Rambeck B Jürgens U Serum concentrations of lamotrigine in epileptic patients: the influence of dose and comedication Ther. Drug Monit 1996 18 523 531 8885114
  50. [53]Albani F Theodore WH Washington P Devinsky O Brom-field E Porter RJ Nice FJ Effect of felbamate on plasma concentrations of carbamazepine and its metabolites Epilepsia 1991 32 130 132 1985822
  51. [54]Contin M Riva R Albani F Baruzzi A Effect of felbamate on clobazam and its metabolite kinetics in patients with epilepsy Ther. Drug Monit 1999 21 604 608 10604819
  52. [55]Henriksen O Johannessen SI Clinical and pharmacokinetic observations on sodium valproate - a 5-year follow-up study in 100 children with epilepsy Acta Neurol. Scand 1982 65 504 523 6810648
  53. [56]Anderson GD Yau MK Gidal BE Harris SJ Levy RH Lai AA Wolf KB Wargin WA Dren AT Bidirectional interaction of valproate and lamotrigine in healthy subjects Clin. Pharmacol. Ther 1996 60 145 156 8823232
  54. [57]Graves NM Holmes GB Fuerst RH Leppik IE Effect of felbamate on phenytoin and carbamazepine serum concentrations Epilepsia 1989 30 225 229 2647472
  55. [58]Reidenberg P Glue P Banfield CR Colucci RD Mehaan JN Radwanski E Mojavarian P Lin CC Nesamis J Guillaume M Effects of felbamate on the pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital Clin. Pharmacol. Ther 1995 58 279 287 7554701
  56. [59]Sachdeo R Wagner M L Sachdeo S Shumaker R C Lyness W H Rosenberg A Ward D Perhach JL Coadministration of phenytoin and felbamate: evidence of additional phenytoin dose-reduction requirements based on pharmacokinetics and tolerability with increasing doses of felbamate Epilepsia 1999 40 1122 1128 10448826
  57. [60]Wagner ML Graves NM Leppik IE Remmel RP Shumaker RC Ward DL Perhach JL The effect of felbamate on valproic acid disposition Clin. Pharmacol. Ther 1994 56 494 502 7955813
  58. [62]Levy RH Lin HS Blehaut HM Tor JA Pharmacokinetics of stiripentol in normal man: evidence of nonlinearity J. Clin. Pharmacol 1983 23 523 533 6662977
  59. [63]Levy RH Loiseau P Guyot M Blehaut HM Tor J Moreland TA Stiripentol kinetics in epilepsy: nonlinearity and interactions Clin. Pharmacol. Ther 1984 36 661 669 6488687
  60. [64]Tran A Vauzelle-Kervroedan F Rey E Pous G d´Athis P Chiron C Dulac O Renard D Olive G Effect of stiripentol on carbamazepine plasma concentration and metabolism in epileptic children Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol 1996 50 497 500 8858278
  61. [65]Trojnar MK Wojtal K Trojnar MP Czuczwar SJ Stiripentol. A novel antiepileptic drug Pharmacol. Rep 2005 57 154 160 15886413
  62. [66]Besag FM Berry D Interactions between antiepileptic and antipsychotic drugs Drug Saf 2006 29 95 118 16454538
  63. [67]Mula M Anticonvulsants - antidepressants pharmacokinetic drug interactions: the role of the CYP450 system in psychopharmacology Curr. Drug Metab 2008 9 730 737 18855610
  64. [68]Bartoli A Gatti G Cipolla G Barzaghi N Veliz G Fattore C Mumford J Perucca E A double blind placebo, placebo controlled study on the effect on in vivo parameters of hepatic microsomal enzyme induction and on the kinetics of steroid oral contraceptives in healthy female volunteers Epilepsia 1997 38 702 707 9186253
  65. [70]Eldon MA Underwood BA Randinitis EJ Sedman AJ Gabapentin does not interact with a contraceptive regimen of norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol Neurology 1998 50 1146 1148 9566412
  66. [71]Griffith SG Dai Y Effect of zonisamide on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a combination ethinyl estradiolnorethindrone oral contraceptive in healthy women Clin. Ther 2004 26 2056 2065 15823769
  67. [73]Ragueneau-Majlessi I Levy RH Janik F Levetiracetam does not alter the pharmacokinetics of an oral contraceptive in healthy women Epilepsia 2002 43 697 702 12102671
  68. [74]Crawford P Lee P Gender difference in management of epilepsy-what women are hearing Seizure 1999 8 135 139 10356368
  69. [75]Pack AM Davis AR Kritzer JY Camus A Antiepileptic drugs: Are women aware of interactions with oral contraceptives and potential teratogenicity? Epilepsy Behav 2009 14 640 644 19435578
  70. [76]Aguglia U Barboni G Battino D Cavazzuti GB Citernesi A Corosu R Guzetta FM Ianetti P Mamolo D Patella A Pavone L Perucca E Primiero F Pruna D Savasta S Specchio LM erotti A Italian consensus conference on epilepsy and pregnancy, labor and puerperium Epilepsia 2009 50 Suppl. 1 7 23 19125842
  71. [77]Doose DR Brodie MJ Wilson EA Chadwick D Oxbury J Berry DJ Schwabe S Bialer M Topiramate and lamotrigine pharmacokinetics during repetitive monotherapy and combination therapy in epilepsy patients Epilepsia 2003 44 917 922 12823574
  72. [78]Kanner AM Gidal BE Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions of psychotropic drugs with antiepileptic drugs Int. Rev. Neurobiol 2008 83 397 416 18929094
  73. [79]Ucar M Neuvonen M Luurila H Dahlqvist R Neuvonen PJ Mjörndal T Carbamazepine markedly reduces serum concentrations of simvastatin and simvastatin acid Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol 2004 59 879 882 14691614
  74. [80]Elger C Halász P Maia J Almeida L Soares da-Silva P Efficacy and safety of eslicarbazepine acetate as adjunctive treatment in adults with refractory partial-onset seizures: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase III study Epilepsia 2009 50 454 463 19243424
  75. [81]Saano V Glue P Banfield CR Reidenberg P Colucci P Mehaan JW Haring P Radwanski E Nomeir A Lin CC Effects of felbamate on the pharmacokinetics of a low-dose combination oral contraceptive Clin. Pharmacol. Ther 1995 58 523 531 7586946
  76. [82]Tisdel KA Israel DS Kolb KW Warfarin-felbamate interaction. First report Ann. Pharmacother 1994 28 805 7919574
  77. [83]Fattore C Cipolla G Gatti G Limido GL Sturm Y Ber-nasconi C Perucca E Induction of ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel metabolism by oxcarbazepine in healthy women Epilepsia 1999 40 783 787 10368079
  78. [84]Rosenfeld WE Doose DR Walker SA Nayak RK Effect of topiramate on the pharmacokinetics of an oral contraceptive containing norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol in patients with epilepsy Epilepsia 1997 38 317 323 9070594
  79. [85]Doose DR Wang SS Padmanabhan M Schwabe S Jacobs D Bialer M Effect of topiramate or carbamazepine on the pharmacokinetics of an oral contraceptive containing norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol in healthy obese and nonobese female subjects Epilepsia 2003 44 540 549 12681003
  80. [86]Lyseng-Williamson KA ang LP Topiramate: a review of its use in the treatment of epilepsy Drugs 2007 67 2231 2256 17927286
  81. [87]Glauser T Kluger G Sachdeo R Krauss G Perdomo C Arroyo S Rufinamide for generalized seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome Neurology 2008 70 1950 1958 18401024
  82. [88]Chiron C Stiripentol Neurotherapeutics 2007 4 123 125 17199026 PMC7479694
  83. [89]Wong SL Cavanaugh J Shi H Awni WM Granneman G R Effects of divalproex sodium on amitriptyline and nortriptyline pharmacokinetics Clin. Pharmacol. Ther 1996 60 48 53 8689811
  84. [90]Stephen LJ Drug treatment of epilepsy in elderly people: focus on valproic acid Drugs Aging 2003 20 141 152 12534314
  85. [91]Bourg V Lebrun C Chichmanian R M Thomas P Frenay M Nitroso-urea-cisplatin-based chemotherapy associated with valproate: increase of haematologic toxicity Ann. Oncol 2001 12 217 219 11300327
  86. [92]Bergendal L Friberg A Schaffrath AM Holmdahl M Lan-dahl S The clinical relevance of the interaction between carbamazepine and dextropropyphene in elderly patients in Gotheburg, Sweden Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol 1997 53 203 206 9476032
  87. [93]Dam M Kristensen CB Hansen BS Christiansen J Interaction between carbamazepine and propoxyphene in man Acta Neurol. Scand 1977 56 603 607 605781
  88. [94]Pauwels O Factors contributing to carbamazepine-macrolide interactions Pharmacol. Res 2002 45 291 298 12030792
  89. [95]Kim K Oh S Park P Park J Effect of probenecid on the pharmacokintics of carbamazepine in healthy subjects Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol 2005 61 275 280 15915352
  90. [96]Roby CA Anderson GD Kantor E Dryer DA Burnstein AH St. John’s Wort on carbamazepine pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers Clin. Pharmacol. Ther 2000 6 451 457 10824623
  91. [97]Zhou S Chan E Shen-Quan P Huang M Lee EJD Pharmacokinetic interactions of drugs with St. John’s Wort J. Psychopharmacol 2004 18 262 276 15260917
  92. [99]Kaiboriboon K Guevara M Alldredge BK Understanding herb and dietary supplement use in patients with epilepsy Epilepsia 2009 50 1927 1932 19486356
  93. [100]Christensen J Petrenaite V Atterman J Sidenius P Öhman I Tomson T Sabers A Oral contraceptives induce lamotrigine metabolism: evidence from a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Epilepsia 2007 48 484 489 17346247
  94. [101]Sabers A Öhman I Christensen J Tomson T Oral contraceptives reduce lamotrigine plasma levels Neurology 2003 61 570 571 12939444
  95. [102]Reimers A Helde G Brodtkorb E Ethinyl estradiol, not progestogens, reduces lamotrigine serum concentrations Epilepsia 2005 46 1414 1417 16146436
  96. [103]Ebert U Thong NQ Oertel R Kirch W Effects of rifampicin and cimetidine on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lamotrigine in healthy subjects Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol 2000 56 299 304 10954343
  97. [104]Galimberti CA Mazzucchelli I Arbasino C Canevini MP Fattore C Perucca E Increased apparent oral clearance of valproic acid during intake of combined contraceptive steroids in women with epilepsy Epilepsia 2006 47 1569 1572 16981874
  98. [105]Ishizaki T Chiba K Saito M Kobayashi K Iizuka R The effects of neuroleptics (haloperidol and chlorpromazine) on the pharmacokinetics of valproic acid in schizophrenic patients J. Clin. Psychopharmacol 1984 4 254 261 6149238
  99. [106]Mori H Takahashi K Mizutani T Interaction between valproic acid and carbapenem antibiotics Drug Metab. Rev 2007 39 647 657 18058328
  100. [107]Gidal BE Radulovic LL Kruger S Rutecki P Pitterle M Bockbrader HN Inter- and intra-subject variability in gabapentin absorption and absolute bioavailability Epilepsy Res 2000 40 123 127 10863139
  101. [108]McLean MJ Gabapentin Epilepsia 1995 36 Suppl. 2 S73 86 8784216
  102. [109]Adkins JC Noble S Tiagabine. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential in the management of epilepsy Drugs 1998 55 437 437 9530548
  103. [110]Rivers F O'Brien TJ Callaghan R Exploring the possible interaction between anti-epilepsy drugs and multidrug efflux pumps; in vitro observations Eur. J. Pharmacol 2008 598 1 8 18835265
  104. [111]Löscher W Schmidt D Experimental and clinical evidence for loss of effect (tolerance) during prolonged treatment with antiepileptic drugs Epilepsia 2006 47 1253 1284 16922870
  105. [112]Lazarowski A Czornyj L Lubienieki F Girardi E Vazquez S D'Giano C ABC transporters during epilepsy and mechanisms underlying multidrug resistance in refractory epilepsy Epilepsia 2007 48 Suppl. 5 140 149 17910594
  106. [113]Luna-Tortós C Fedrowitz M Löscher W Several major antiepileptic drugs are substrates for human P-glycoprotein Neuropharmacology 2008 55 1364 1375 18824002
  107. [114]Szoeke C Sills GJ Kwan P Petrovski S Newton M Hitiris N Baum L Berkovic SF Brodie MJ Sheffield LJ O'Brien TJ Multidrug-resistant genotype (ABCB1) and seizure recurrence in newly treated epilepsy: Data from International Pharmacogenetic Cohorts Epilepsia 2009 [Epub ahead of print] 19453704
  108. [115]Pisani F Oteri G Russo MF Di Perri R Perucca E Richens A The efficacy of valproate-lamotrigine comedication in refractory complex partial seizures: evidence for a pharmacodynamic interaction Epilepsia 1999 40 1141 1146 10448829
  109. [116]Czuczwar SJ Kaplanski J Swiderska-Dziewit G Gergont A Kroczka S Kacinski M Pharmacodynamic interactions between antiepileptic drugs: preclinical data based on isobolography Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol 2009 5 131 136 19210232
  110. [117]Luszczki JJ Andres MM Czuczwar P Cioczek-Czuczwar A Ratnaraj N Patsalos PN Czuczwar SJ Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characterization of interactions between levetiracetam and numerous antiepileptic drugs in the mouse maximal electroshock seizure model: an isobolographic analysis Epilepsia 2006 47 10 20 16417526
  111. [118]Luszczki JJ Andres-Mach MM Ratnaraj N Patsalos PN Czuczwar SJ Levetiracetam and felbamate interact both pharmacodynamically and pharmacokinetically: an isobolographic analysis in the mouse maximal electroshock model Epilepsia 2007 48 806 15 17284299
  112. [119]Luszczki JJ Ratnaraj N Patsalos PN Czuczwar SJ Isobolographic and behavioral characterizations of interactions between vigabatrin and gabapentin in two experimental models of epilepsy Eur. J. Pharmacol 2008 595 13 21 18708046
  113. [120]van Grootheest K Olsson S Couper M de Jong-van den Berg L Pharmacists' role in reporting adverse drug reactions in an international perspective Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf 2004 13 457 464 15269929
  114. [121]van Grootheest K van Puienbroek EP de Jong-van den Berg LT Do pharmacists’ reports of adverse drug reactions reflect patients’ concerns? Pharm World Sci 2004 26 155 159 15230363
  115. [122]Johannessen Landmark C Johannessen SI Modifications of antiepileptic drugs for improved tolerability and efficacy Persp. Med. Chem 2008 2 21 39 PMC2746576 19787095
  116. [123]Johannessen Landmark C Johannessen SI Pharmacological management of epilepsy: recent advances and future prospects Drugs 2008 68 1925 1939 18778117
  117. [124]French J A Faught E Rational polytherapy Epilepsia 2009 50 Suppl. 8 63 68 19702736

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
I. Johannessen, S., & Johannessen Landmark, C.
Venue
Current Neuropharmacology
Publisher
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Published
2010-09-01
Volume
8
Issue
3
Pages
254-267
ISSN
1570-159X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.2174/157015910792246254
PMC
PMC3001218
OpenAlex
W2088811688
Cited by
343
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 21
FWCI
9.84
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Current Neuropharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Epilepsy research and treatment
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
Keywords
antiepileptic drugs, drug interactions, pharmacokinetic interactions, enzyme induction, enzyme inhibition, carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, valproic acid, lamotrigine, felbamate, rufinamide, stiripentol, oxcarbazepine, topiramate, oral contraceptives, anticoagulants, antidepressants, antipsychotic drugs, dose adjustment, epilepsy

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review