Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Centella asiatica with valproate and phenytoin in experimental models of epilepsy in rats
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance Centella asiatica (CA) is commonly used herbal medicine for treatment of epilepsy. CA has CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes inhibition property and used as an adjuvant therapy with conventional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). That may be responsible for herb-drug interaction.Aim of the study The present study was planned to evaluate interactions profile of hydroalcoholic extract Centella asiatica (HECA) with antiepileptic drugs in experimental models of epilepsy in rats.Materials and methods Wistar rats (175-200 g) were used. In the pharmacodynamic interaction study, seizures were induced using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and maximal electroshock seizure (MES) (70 mA for 0.2 s). The therapeutic and sub-therapeutic doses of valproate (VPA) and phenytoin (PHT) were co-administrated with HECA in PTZ and MES model of seizures respectively. Behavioural parameters were assessed using elevated plus maze test and passive avoidance paradigm. Rat brain oxidative stress parameters were also assessed. In the pharmacokinetic interaction study, the serum levels of the VPA and PHT were estimated at different time intervals by HPLC and pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by WinNonlin software.Results The VPA and PHT produced complete protection against seizures in their therapeutic doses but not with sub-therapeutic doses. However, co-administration of HECA with a sub-therapeutic dose of VPA and PHT enhanced the protection of seizures and significantly (p < 0.001) attenuated the seizure induced oxidative stress and cognitive impairment. It also significantly increased (p < 0.001) serum levels of VPA and PHT. The alterations in pharmacokinetic parameters (maximum serum concentration, area under the curve, clearance) of AEDs were also found with co-administration of HECA.Conclusion The results suggested that co-administration of HECA could improve the therapeutic efficacy of VPA and PHT. But, alteration in pharmacokinetic parameters revel that needs critical medical supervision to avoid any toxic reactions.
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Centella asiatica extract improves learning and memory in Alzheimer's disease patients.
“Among these, the CA extract has been shown to exhibit promising improvement in learning and memory in AD patients [104,105].”
From Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants for Alzheimer’s Disease: Preclinical to Clinical Trial Insights (2023) · cites this paper as [104]
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- Authors
- Kumar, R., Arora, R., Sarangi, S. C., Ganeshan N, S., Agarwal, A., Kaleekal, T., & Gupta, Y. K.
- Affiliations
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
- Natural Remedies (India) (IN)
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Gupta, Yogendra Kumar
- Venue
- Journal of Ethnopharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-04
- Volume
- 270
- Pages
- 113784
- ISSN
- 0378-8741 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3118653682
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 3.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Ethnopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Epilepsy research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plant Extracts Effects
- Keywords
- Centella asiatica, hydroalcoholic leaf extract, valproic acid, phenytoin, herb-drug interactions, epilepsy, antiepileptic drugs, pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures, maximal electroshock seizures, oxidative stress, cognitive impairment, pharmacokinetic interactions, pharmacodynamic interactions, serum drug concentration, CYP enzyme inhibition
- MeSH terms
- Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic, Methanol, Animals, Anticonvulsants, Behavior, Animal, Disease Models, Animal, Electroshock, Epilepsy, Glutathione, Malondialdehyde, Medicine, Ayurvedic, Pentylenetetrazole, Phenytoin, Plant Extracts, Seizures, Valproic Acid, Rats, Wistar, Oxidative Stress, Plant Leaves, Centella, Herb-Drug Interactions, Rats, Cognitive Dysfunction, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
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