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ABC Transporters: Unvalidated Therapeutic Targets in Cancer and the CNS

W. Robey, Robert, R. Massey, Paul, Amiri-Kordestani, Laleh, E. Bates, Susan·2010·Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
DOI 10.2174/187152010794473957PMC PMC3119022
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Abstract

The discovery of the multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp) over 35 years ago in drug resistant cells prompted several decades of work attempting to overcome drug resistance by inhibition of drug efflux. Despite convincing laboratory data showing that drug transport can be inhibited in vitro, efforts to translate this discovery to the clinic have not succeeded. Since overexpression of Pgp and related transporters including ABCG2 and members of the ABCC family have been linked with poor outcome, it remains a reasonable hypothesis that this poor outcome is linked to reduction of drug exposure by efflux, and thus to drug resistance. In this review, we will discuss the question of whether ABC transporters mediate drug resistance in cancer through a reduction in drug accumulation in tumors, and whether the “Pgp inhibition hypothesis” might be wrong. The hypothesis, which holds that increased chemotherapy effectiveness can be achieved by inhibiting Pgp-mediated drug efflux has only been validated in model systems. Possible explanations for the failure to validate this clinically include the existence of other factors impacting of drug accumulation and uptake in tumors. Despite these difficulties, a potential role has emerged for drug transporters as therapeutic targets in the central nervous system (CNS). Both lines of investigation point to the need for imaging agents to facilitate the study of drug accumulation in human cancer. This is a critical need for targeted therapies, where an important dose-response relationship is likely to exist, and where drug resistance renders many of the novel targeted agents ineffective in a subset of patients.

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  • Both tumour cells and BBB endothelial cells are rich in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, like P-glycoprotein (Pgp/ABCB1), multidrug resistance-related proteins (MRPs/ABCCs) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) that extrude drugs from the luminal side of endothelial cells back into the blood and out of the tumour cells.

    “Both tumour cells and BBB endothelial cells are rich in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, like P-glycoprotein (Pgp/ABCB1), multidrug resistance-related proteins (MRPs/ABCCs) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) that extrude drugs from the luminal side of endothelial cells back into the blood and out of the tumour cells (Declèves et al., 2006;Mercer et al., 2009;Robey et al., 2”

    From The association of statins plus LDL receptor‐targeted liposome‐encapsulated doxorubicin increases in vitro drug delivery across blood–brain barrier cells (2012) · cites this paper as Robey et al., 2010

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  • Doxorubicin is a substrate of Pgp/ABCB1, MRP1/ABCC1 and BCRP/ABCG2.

    “Doxorubicin, for instance, is a very effective anticancer drug against glioblastoma cells in vitro, but since it is a substrate of Pgp/ABCB1, MRP1/ABCC1 and BCRP/ABCG2, its delivery across the BBB is hampered and it is ineffective clinically at treating this tumour.”

    From The association of statins plus LDL receptor‐targeted liposome‐encapsulated doxorubicin increases in vitro drug delivery across blood–brain barrier cells (2012) · cites this paper as Robey et al., 2010

    In “Could the Pgp inhibition hypothesis have been wrong?” (page unavailable), the paper reports that doxorubicin resistance in a mouse breast-cancer model was largely Pgp-mediated. The Introduction (page unavailable) says MRP1 confers resistance to anthracyclines, but it does not specifically identify doxorubicin as an MRP1 substrate; its list of ABCG2 substrates likewise does not include doxorubicin. The three-transporter claim is therefore not fully supported. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The brain microvascular endothelium has high levels of drug efflux pumps of the ABC transporter family.

    “In addition, having no fenestrations and many tight junctions, the brain microvascular endothelium has high levels of drug efflux pumps of the ABC transporter family (Declèves et al., 2006;Mercer et al., 2009;Robey et al., 2010).”

    From The association of statins plus LDL receptor‐targeted liposome‐encapsulated doxorubicin increases in vitro drug delivery across blood–brain barrier cells (2012) · cites this paper as Robey et al., 2010

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Metadata

Authors
W. Robey, R., R. Massey, P., Amiri-Kordestani, L., & E. Bates, S.
Affiliations
Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Venue
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Publisher
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Published
2010-10-01
Volume
10
Issue
8
Pages
625-633
ISSN
1871-5206
DOI
10.2174/187152010794473957
PMC
PMC3119022
Cited by
85
References
1
Language
en

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