Amylin analogues in the treatment of diabetes mellitus: medicinal chemistry and structural basis of its function
Open accessAbstract
Amylin, (islet amyloid polypeptide) or diabetes-associated peptide is co-secreted with insulin in the islet of Langerhans of diabetic patients in approximately 1:100, amylin-insulin ratio. The soluble form of amylin, an analogue of amylin, is used as a supplement to insulin in the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Co-administration of amylin analogue with insulin to patients with type 1 diabetes induced a larger reduction in proprandial hyperglycemia, with a concomitant reduction in the level of glucagon when compared to insulin monotherapy. The actions of amylin analogues appear to be synergistic to insulin, with which it is co-released from insulin-producing beta cells after a meal. Amylin analogues such as pramlintide has been shown to significantly reduce body weight, HbA1c values and even the dosage of insulin. A moderate weight loss can also be achieved in obese patients with or without diabetes. A major side effect of some amylin analogues includes nausea and excitation of the area postrema. This review examines the medicinal chemistry of amylin and its analogues and their effects.
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Compared to insulin monotherapy, patients with T1DM who received amylin analog in addition to insulin experienced a greater reduction in pre-prandial hyperglycemia and a corresponding decrease in glucagon levels.
“Compared to insulin monotherapy, patients with T1DM who received amylin analog in addition to insulin experienced a greater reduction in pre-prandial hyperglycemia and a corresponding decrease in glucagon levels.”
From A critical review on diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 management approaches: from lifestyle modification to current and novel targets and therapeutic agents. (2024) · cites this paper as [98]
The Medicinal Chemistry of Amylin section reports that adding an amylin analogue to insulin in a small cohort of adolescents with type 1 diabetes produced a greater reduction in hyperglycemia and a concomitant reduction in glucagon than insulin alone. It calls the hyperglycemia “proprandial,” while the studies it cites in the References describe postprandial hyperglycemia; the copy does not support the claim’s pre-prandial timing. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAmylin analogs such as pramlintide dramatically lower body weight, HbA1c levels, and even insulin dosage.
“It has been demonstrated that amylin analogs, such as pramlintide, dramatically lower body weight, HbA1c levels, and even insulin dosage (98, 99).”
From A critical review on diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 management approaches: from lifestyle modification to current and novel targets and therapeutic agents. (2024) · cites this paper as [98]
The Medicinal Chemistry of Amylin section (page not supplied) says pramlintide significantly reduced body weight, HbA1c values, and insulin dosage; the Conclusion repeats those three outcomes. Neither passage establishes that the reductions were dramatic, so the claim overstates their magnitude. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Cites
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Padhi, S., Nayak, A. K., & Behera, A. (2020) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110708 · Cited by 726 · see citing works
Tegegne, B. A., Adugna, A., Yenet, A., Yihunie Belay, W., Yibeltal, Y., Dagne, A., Hibstu Teffera, Z., Amare, G. A., Abebaw, D., Tewabe, H., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1440456 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“It has been demonstrated that amylin analogs, such as pramlintide, dramatically lower body weight, HbA1c levels, and even insulin dosage (98, 99).”
BackgroundAnsari, P., Khan, J. T., Choudhary, S., Reberio, A. D., Kumar, S., Seidel, V., Abdel-Wahab, Y. H. A., & Flatt, P. R. (2024) · doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1739.v1 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
- Authors
- Adeghate, E., & Kalász, H.
- Affiliations
- United Arab Emirates University (AE)
- Semmelweis University (HU)
- Corresponding author
- Adeghate, Ernest
- Venue
- The Open Medicinal Chemistry Journal
- Publisher
- Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
- Published
- 2011-09-09
- Volume
- 05
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 78-81
- ISSN
- 1874-1045 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3174573
- OpenAlex
- W1988965357
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Open Medicinal Chemistry Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- amylin analogues, amylin, pramlintide, type 1 diabetes, HbA1c reduction, weight loss, obesity, nausea, structure-activity relationship
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