Reduced life expectancy due to smoking in large-scale cohort studies in Japan.
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: To show the reduction in life expectancy due to smoking and the recovery of normal life expectancy by smoking cessation is useful for tobacco control health policy. METHODS: This study included 140,026 males and 156,810 females aged 40-79 years, who were participants of large-scale cohort studies in Japan (Japan Health Center-based Prospective Study [JPHC]-I, JPHC-II, Three-Prefecture Study, and Japan Collaborative Cohort [JACC] Study), which commenced around 1990. The mean follow-up period (+/-standard deviation) was 9.6 +/- 2.3 years, during which 16,282 men and 9,418 women died. For persons aged 40-79 years grouped according to each defined smoking status in the baseline questionnaire, sex- and age-specific death rates at attained ages were calculated. The age-specific death rate was calculated by dividing the number of persons who died at the age by the number of persons who were followed-up at the attained age. From these death rates, current life tables were constructed according to the smoking status, and survival curves were plotted. RESULTS: The life expectancy of male smokers, ex-smokers, and never-smokers at age 40 years was 38.5, 40.8, and 42.4 years respectively. In women, the corresponding life expectancies were 42.4, 42.1, and 46.1 years. In both sexes, the age by which half of the current smokers had died was approximately 4 years younger than that for never-smokers. The life expectancies of male ex-smokers who quit smoking before ages 40, 50, 60, and 70 years were 4.8, 3.7, 1.6, and 0.5 years longer than those of smokers, respectively. CONCLUSION: Smoking considerably reduced the life expectancy, and earlier smoking cessation resulted in a better survival than that seen with continued smoking.
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The impact of serious mental illness on life expectancy is marked and generally higher than similarly calculated impacts of well-recognised adverse exposures such as smoking, diabetes and obesity.
“The impact of serious mental illness on life expectancy is marked and generally higher than similarly calculated impacts of well-recognised adverse exposures such as smoking, diabetes and obesity.”
From Life Expectancy at Birth for People with Serious Mental Illness and Other Major Disorders from a Secondary Mental Health Care Case Register in London (2011) · cites this paper as [12]
The Results (page not supplied) show shorter life expectancy for smokers than never-smokers, supporting the smoking comparison as an example of an adverse exposure. The paper does not assess serious mental illness, diabetes, or obesity, so it cannot support the claim that the life-expectancy impact of serious mental illness is generally greater. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Ozasa, K., Katanoda, K., Tamakoshi, A., Sato, H., Tajima, K., Suzuki, T., Tsugane, S., & Sobue, T.
- Affiliations
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (JP)
- National Cancer Center (US)
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (JP)
- Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (JP)
- Osaka International Cancer Institute (JP)
- Venue
- Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Japan Epidemiological Association
- Published
- 2008
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 111-118
- ISSN
- 0917-5040 (ISSN-L)
- 1349-9092
- PMC
- PMC4771605
- OpenAlex
- W2099981556
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Social Sciences › Demography › Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Keywords
- smoking, life expectancy, smoking cessation, mortality, age-specific mortality, life tables, survival, tobacco control, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Status, Humans, Japan, Life Expectancy, Male, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Smoking, Time Factors, Cohort Studies, Survival Rate, Smoking Cessation
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