Conversational agents in the treatment of mental health problems: mixed-method systematic review

Gaffney, Hannah, Mansell, Warren, Tai, Sara·2019·JMIR Mental Health

DOI 10.2196/14166

Cited by (276)

Items 101–200 of 276

Computer-assisted avatar-based treatment for dysfunctional beliefs in depressive inpatients: A pilot study
Kocur, Martin, Dechant, Martin, Wolff, Christian, Nothdurfter, Caroline, Wetter, Thomas C., Rupprecht, Rainer, Shiban, Youssef · 2021 · Frontiers in Psychiatry
Use of augmented reality in science education: A mixed-methods research with the multi-complementary approach
Ö. Anıl, V. Batdı · 2022 · Education and Information Technologies : Official Journal of the IFIP technical committee on Education
The way you assess matters: User interaction design of survey chatbots for mental health
Yucheng Jin, Li Chen, Xianglin Zhao, Wanling Cai · 2024 · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Balancing Ethics and Opportunities: The Role of AI in Psychotherapy and Counselling
Alexandra Bloch‐Atefi · 2025 · Psychotherapy and Counselling Journal of Australia
Fuzzy Approach to Computational Classification of Burnout—Preliminary Findings
Piotr Prokopowicz, Dariusz Mikołajewski · 2022 · Applied Sciences
The use of voice assistant for psychological assessment elicits empathy and engagement while maintaining good psychometric properties
Mancone, Stefania, Diotaiuti, Pierluigi, Valente, Giuseppe, Corrado, Stefano, Bellizzi, Fernando, Vilarino, Guilherme Torres, Andrade, Alexandro · 2023 · Behavioral Sciences
Designing a conversational agent to promote teamwork and collaborative practices using design thinking: An explorative study on user experiences
Sofie Smedegaard Skov, Josefine Ranfelt Andersen, Sigurd Lauridsen, Mads Bab, Marianne Bundsbæk, Maj Britt Dahl Nielsen · 2022 · Frontiers in Psychology
Investigating Self-injury Support Solicitations and Responses on a Mobile Peer Support Application
Kaylee Payne Kruzan, Natalya N. Bazarova, Janis L Whitlock · 2021 · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction
Exploring the characteristics of conversational agents in chronic disease management interventions: A scoping review
Екатерина Уэтова, Lucy Hederman, Robert Ross, Dympna M. O’Sullivan · 2024 · Digital Health
Therapy chatbots and emotional complexity: do therapy chatbots really empathise?
Katleen Gabriels, Kris Goffin · 2026 · Current Opinion in Psychology
A Brief Wellbeing Training Session Delivered by a Humanoid Social Robot: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Nicole Robinson, Jennifer Connolly, Gavin Suddrey, David John Kavanagh · 2023 · International Journal of Social Robotics
Chatbot-Delivered Cognitive Defusion versus Cognitive Restructuring for Negative Self-Referential Thoughts: A Pilot Study
Joseph Lavelle, Neil Dunne, Hugh E. Mulcahy, Louise McHugh · 2021 · The Psychological Record
Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on NLP for Positive Impact
2021
Facilitating Mindful Eating with a Voice Assistant
Minrui Zhang, Eleftherios Papachristos, Timothy Robert Merritt · 2023 · ACM Conference on Conversational User Interfaces (CUI)
A Chatbot (Juno) Prototype to Deploy a Behavioral Activation Intervention to Pregnant Women: Qualitative Evaluation Using a Multiple Case Study
Elisa Mancinelli, Simone Magnolini, Silvia Gabrielli, Silvia Salcuni · 2024 · JMIR Formative Research
System design of a text messaging program to support the mental health needs of non-treatment seeking young adults
Jonah Meyerhoff, Theresa Nguyen, Chris J. Karr, Madhu C Reddy, Joseph J. Williams, Ananya Bhattacharjee, David C. Mohr, Rachel Kornfield · 2022 · Procedia Computer Science
A Systematic Review on Mental Health Chatbots: Trends, Design Principles, Evaluation Methods, and Future Research Agenda
Kuhail, Mohammad Amin, Al-Shamaileh, Ons, Farooq, Shahbano, Shahin, Hana, Abdelzaher, Fatema, Thomas, Justin · 2025 · Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies
Exploring Young Adults’ Views About Aroha, a Chatbot for Stress Associated With the COVID-19 Pandemic: Interview Study Among Students
Annie Kang, Sarah Elisabeth Hetrick, Tania Cargo, Sarah A. Hopkins, Nicola M. Ludin, Sarah Bodmer, Kiani Stevenson, Chester Holt‐Quick, Karolina Stasiak · 2023 · JMIR Formative Research
Development and Evaluation of a Digital App for Patient Self-Management of Opioid Use Disorder: Usability, Acceptability, and Utility Study
Van L. King, Gregg Siegel, H. Richard Priesmeyer, Leslie H Siegel, Jennifer Sharpe Potter · 2024 · JMIR Formative Research
Crisis-line workers’ perspectives on AI in suicide prevention: a qualitative exploration of risk and opportunity
Jacob Greaves, Erminia Colucci · 2025 · BMC Public Health
A Survey of Conversational Agents and Their Applications for Self-Management of Chronic Conditions
Min Sook Park, Paramita Basak Upama, Adib Ahmed Anik, Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed, Jake Luo, Shiyu Tian, Masud Rabbani, Hyungkyoung Oh · 2023 · IEEE Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC)
Legal Issues of the Use of Chatbot Apps for Mental Health Support
Chiara Gallese · 2022 · Communications in computer and information science
An Automated Conversational Agent Self-Help Program: Randomized Controlled Trial
Heather M. Foran, Christian Kubb, Janina Mueller, Spencer Poff, Megan Ung, Margaret Li, Eric Michael Smith, Akinniyi Akinyemi, Melanie Kambadur, Franziska Waller et al. · 2024 · Journal of Medical Internet Research
The application of artificial intelligence in insomnia, anxiety, and depression: A bibliometric analysis
Enshi Lu, Di Zhang, Mingguang Han, Shihua Wang, Liyun He · 2025 · Digital Health
Develop an Enhanced AI-Based Model to Predict Depression in Women
Soni, Dilip Kumar Sharma · 2025 · International Conference on Computing, Communication and Automation
Developing A Conversational Interface for an ACT-based Online Program: Understanding Adolescents’ Expectations of Conversational Style
Johanna Peltola, Kirsikka Kaipainen, Katariina Keinonen, Noona H. Kiuru, Markku Turunen · 2023 · ACM Conference on Conversational User Interfaces (CUI)
To What Scale Are Conversational Agents Used by Top-funded Companies Offering Digital Mental Health Services for Depression?
Aishah Alattas, Gisbert Wilhelm Teepe, Konstantin Leidenberger, Elgar Fleisch, Lorainne Tudor Car, Alicia Salamanca-Sanabria, Tobias Kowatsch · 2021 · International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies (BIOSTEC)
Conversational agents on smartphones and the web
Timothy Bickmore, Teresa K. O’Leary · 2022 · Elsevier eBooks
Ethical Awareness in Paralinguistics: A Taxonomy of Applications
Anton M. Batliner, Michael Neumann, Felix Burkhardt, Alice Baird, Sarina Meyer, Ngoc Thang Vu, Björn Wolfgang Schuller · 2022 · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction
Examining the Efficacy of Large Language Models for Mitigating Depression and Anxiety Among Chinese Students
Xindong Ye, Xiaofen Shan, Yunfang Tu, Yuanyuan Zhang · 2025 · CIN Computers Informatics Nursing
e-Mental Health Program Usage Patterns in Randomized Controlled Trials and in the General Public to Inform External Validity Considerations: Sample Groupings Using Cluster Analyses
Samineh Sanatkar, Peter Andrew Baldwin, Kit Huckvale, Helen M Christensen, Samuel B. Harvey · 2020 · Journal of Medical Internet Research
Intelligent Virtual Agents in Behavioral and Mental Healthcare: Ethics and Application Considerations
David D. Luxton, Eva Hudlická · 2021 · Advances in neuroethics
Beyond Low Earth Orbit: Biomonitoring, Artificial Intelligence, and Precision Space Health
Ryan T. Scott, Erik Antonsen, Sanders, Lauren M., Jaden J. A. Hastings, Seung-min Park, Graham Mackintosh, Robert J. Reynolds, Adrienne Hoarfrost, Aenor Sawyer, Casey S. Greene et al. · 2021 · White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
Effectiveness of Chatbot interventions for reducing caregiver burden: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ravi Shankar, Anjali Bundele, Amartya Mukhopadhyay · 2025 · MethodsX
Designing digital conversational agents for youth with multiple mental health conditions: Insights on key features from a youth-engaged qualitative descriptive study
Jingyi Hou, Jamie Gibson, Thalia Phi, Brian Ritchie, Louise Gallagher, Gillian Strudwick, George Foussias, Darren Courtney, Aristotle N. Voineskos, Stephanie Hope Ameis et al. · 2025 · Digital Health
Leveraging Artificial intelligence (AI) for Stress Management in Peak Athletic Performance: An Integrative Review
Elizabeth Adebisi, Tunmise N. Balogun, Solomon B. Oguntuase, Fatahat Oyeteju OLAJIDE · 2025 · Scientific journal of engineering and technology.
A Rule-Based Conversational Agent for Mental Health and Well-Being in Young People: Formative Case Series During the Rise of Generative AI
Aimee‐Rose Wrightson‐Hester, Georgia Anderson, Joel Dunstan, Peter M. McEvoy, Chris Sutton, BRONWYN J. MYERS, Sarah Jane Egan, Sara Tai, Melanie Johnston-Hollitt, Wai Chen et al. · 2025 · JMIR Formative Research
Efficacy, User Engagement, and Acceptability of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy–Oriented Psychological Chatbots for Adults With Depressive and/or Anxiety Symptoms: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Bingyan Gong, Nisha Yao, Hangxin Xie, Chuncheng Huang, Kishimoto Tomoko, Howard Berenbaum, Wenting Mu · 2026 · Journal of Medical Internet Research
Insights and lessons learned from trialling a mental health chatbot in the wild
Courtney Potts, Raymond Bond, Maurice D. Mulvenna, Edel Ennis, Andrea Bickerdike, Edward K. Coughlan, Thomas Broderick, Con Burns, Michael McTear, Lauri Kuosmanen et al. · 2021 · IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC)
Therapy as an NLP Task: Comparing LLMs and Human Peers Behaviors in CBT Sessions
Iftikhar, Zainab, Ransom, Sean, Xiao, Amy, Nugent, Nicole, Huang, Jeff · 2024 · arXiv
'It's a spectrum': Exploring Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness in Software Development Processes and Tools
Novia Wong, Nai-Yu Cheng, Bruna Oewel, Katherine E Genuario, Sarah Elizabeth Stoeckl, Stephen Matthew Schueller, Iftekhar Ahmed, André van der Hoek, Madhu C Reddy · 2025 · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Being just used or truely understood: A measure of users’ collaboration intensity with Chatbots
Sarah Zabel, Claudia Spannbauer, Nicolas Eric Neef, Siegmar Otto · 2025 · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Chatbot interventions for improving mental health among people in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Wilson Kin Chung Leung, Simon Ching Lam, Bobo Ching Lam Chan, Janice Ngar Lam Chow, Yvonne Yuet Ying Wong, Fowie Ng, Calvin Chi Kong Yip, Alex Chi Keung Chan · 2026 · BMJ Health & Care Informatics
Therapy as an NLP Task: Comparing LLMs and Human Peers Behaviors in CBT Sessions
Zainab Iftikhar, Sean Ransom, Amy Wei Xiao, Nicole R. Nugent, Jeff J. S. Huang · 2026 · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction
Effectiveness of chatbot-based interventions on mental well-being of the general population in Asia: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Wilson Kin Chung Leung, Simon Ching Lam, Fowie Ng, C. K. Yip, Chi‐Keung Chan · 2024 · BMJ Health & Care Informatics
Using a conversational agent for thought recording as a cognitive therapy task: Feasibility, content, and feedback
Franziska Burger, Mark A. Neerincx, Willem‐Paul Brinkman · 2022 · Frontiers in Digital Health
Determinants of Dropout From a Virtual Agent–Based App for Insomnia Management in a Self-Selected Sample of Users With Insomnia Symptoms: Longitudinal Study
M. Montserrat Sánchez-Ortuño, Florian Pécune, Julien Coelho, Jean‐Arthur Micoulaud‐Franchi, Nathalie Salles, Marc Auriacombe, Fuschia Serre, Yannick Levavasseur, Étienne de Sevin, Patricia Sagaspe et al. · 2024 · JMIR Mental Health
Impact of Conversational and Animation Features of a Mental Health App Virtual Agent on Depressive Symptoms and User Experience Among College Students: Randomized Controlled Trial
Stephanie Six, Elizabeth A Schlesener, Victoria Hill, Sabarish V. Babu, Kaileigh Angela Byrne · 2025 · JMIR Mental Health
AI-Enabled, Text-Based Health Coaching and Navigation for Employees to Support Health Outcomes: Pre-Post Observational Study
Paula L. Wilbourne, Susan Mirch-Kretschmann, Denise D. Walker, Michael Varghese, Roberto Arnetoli · 2025 · JMIR Formative Research
Digital Companions for Well-being: Challenges and Opportunities
Juan Carlos Nieves, Mauricio Osorio, David Rojas-Velázquez, Yazmín Magallanes, Andreas Brännström · 2024 · Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems
A Digital Behavioral Activation Intervention (JuNEX) for Pregnant Women With Subclinical Depression Symptoms: Explorative Co-Design Study
Elisa Mancinelli, Silvia Gabrielli, Silvia Salcuni · 2024 · JMIR Human Factors
Review mining to discover user experience issues in mental health and wellbeing chatbots
Frederick G. Booth, Courtney Potts, Raymond Bond, Maurice D. Mulvenna, Edel Ennis, Michael McTear · 2022 · European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics
Key Principles Pertinent to User Experience Design for Conversational User Interfaces: A Conceptual Learning Model
Amore Rossouw, Hanlie Smuts · 2023 · Lecture notes in computer science
Rates and correlates of study enrolment and use of a chatbot aimed to promote mental health services use for eating disorders following online screening
Laura D’Adamo, Anne Claire Grammer, Gavin N. Rackoff, Jillian Shah, Marie‐Laure Firebaugh, C. Barr Taylor, Denise E. Wilfley, Ellen E. Fitzsimmons‐Craft · 2024 · European Eating Disorders Review
The Case for Cognitive-Affective Architectures as Affective User Models in Behavioral Health Technologies
Eva Hudlická · 2020 · Lecture notes in computer science
Acceptability of a Conversational Agent–Led Digital Program for Anxiety: Mixed Methods Study of User Perspectives
Pearla Papiernik, Sylwia Dzula, Marta Zimanyi, Edward Millgate, Malika Bouazzaoui, Jessica Buttimer, Graham Warren, Elisa Cooper, Ana Catarino, Shaun Mehew et al. · 2025 · JMIR Human Factors
Using deepfakes for psychotherapy: ethical and philosophical issues
Steven R. Kraaijeveld, Dara Ivanova · 2025 · AI and Ethics
Professional representation of conversational agents for health care: a scoping review protocol
A. Luke MacNeill, Lillian MacNeill, Shelley Doucet, Alison Luke · 2021 · JBI Evidence Synthesis
Development of an online service for coping with spousal loss by means of human-centered and stakeholder-inclusive design: the case of LEAVES
Lex van Velsen, Lotte Schokking, Eva Siderakis, Gloria-Mona Knospe, Lena Brandl, Bettina Mooser, Sarah Madörin, Sofia Jacinto, Afonso Gouveia, Jeannette Brodbeck · 2023 · Death Studies
Cartography of Natural Language Processing for Social Good (NLP4SG): Searching for Definitions, Statistics and White Spots
Paula Fortuna, Laura Pérez-Mayos, Ahmed AbuRa’ed, Leo Wanner · 2021 · Workshop on NLP for Positive Impact (NLP4PI)
Use of conversational agents in rehabilitation following brain injury, disease, or stroke: a scoping review protocol
Judith Hocking, Candice Oster, Anthony John Maeder · 2020 · JBI Evidence Synthesis
The professional representation of conversational agents for health care: A scoping review protocol
A. Luke MacNeill, Lillian MacNeill, Alison Luke, Shelley Anne Doucet · 2021
Mental health chatbot for young adults with depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: a single-blind, three-arm, randomized controlled trial (Preprint)
He, Yuhao, Yang, Li, Zhu, Xiaokun, Wu, Bin, Zhang, Shuo, Qian, Chunlian, Tian, Tian · 2022
Using Virtual Agents and LLMs to Generate Tailored Health Education Pamphlets
Mina Fallah, Farnaz Nouraei, Timothy Bickmore · 2025 · ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA)
The role of communication in health-focused conversational AI: a review of systematic reviews examining conversational features, design characteristics, and interaction functions
Sue Lim, Qinghua Yang, Jingbo Meng, Stephen A. Rains · 2025 · Behaviour and Information Technology
Conversational agent-based interventions for lifestyle behavior modification in older adults: a systematic review
Qian Zhang, Arkers Kwan Ching Wong, Vivian Chi Ching Hui · 2025 · Systematic Reviews
Synthetic relationships and artificial intimacy: an ethical framework for evaluating the impact of generative-AI on community
Martin Jones, Matthew Schonewille · 2025 · Journal of Ethics in Entrepreneurship and Technology
ChatGPT's Evolution in Reshaping Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Pragati Chandra, Gauri Joshi, Radhika Bhagwat · 2023 · IEEE Engineering Informatics
My Health Coach: Community members’ perspectives on a mobile health tool for adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Emily L. Speybroeck, Christie L. M. Petrenko, Cristiano Tapparello, Katrina Griffin, Emily Hargrove, Myles Himmelreich, Anique Lutke, C.J. Lutke, Maggie May, Shuo Zhang et al. · 2024 · Digital Health
Digital Psychiatry: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions
Lana Sidani, Sarah M. Nadar, Jana Tfaili, Serena El Rayes, Fatima Sharara, Joe C Elhage, Marc Fakhoury · 2024 · Journal of Psychiatric Practice
“Monday Feels Like Friday!” - Towards Overcoming Anxiety and Stress of Autistic Young Adults During Times of Isolation
Roberto Palma, Ho Ching Lam, Ashima Shrivastava, Ethan Karlinsey, Kohl Nguyen, Prab Deol, Moushumi Sharmin, Shameem Ahmed · 2023 · Lecture notes in computer science
Chatbot-Led Support Combined With Counselor-Led Support on Smoking Cessation in China: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Xue Weng, Hua Yin, Kefeng Liu, Chuyu Song, Jiali Xie, Ningyuan Guo, Man Ping Wang · 2024 · JMIR Research Protocols
Perspectives fondamentale, clinique et sociétale de l’utilisation des personnages virtuels en santé mentale
Audrey Marcoux, Marie-Hélène Tessier, Frédéric Grondin, Laetitia R. Reduron, Philip L. Jackson · 2021 · Santé mentale au Québec
Acceptability of an embodied conversational agent for type 2 diabetes self-management education and support via a smartphone app: mixed methods study
Baptista, Shaira, Wadley, Greg, Bird, Dominique, Oldenburg, Brian, Speight, Jane, The My Diabetes Coach Research Group · 2020 · JMIR mHealth and uHealth
Towards Developing an Active Listening Counseling Robot for Multiple Generations: A Text Mining Study on Emotional Expression of the Elderly and the Young
Yugo Hayashi, Keita Kiuchi · 2024 · ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)
Artificial Companions and Spiritual Enhancement
Yorick Alexander Wilks · 2024 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
Mapping the Research Landscape of Virtual Coaches: What Is to Come?
Falco Korn, Erik Karger, Frederik Ahlemann · 2025 · IEEE Access
'In That Small Space with Just the Two of Us': User Experiences with Cumpa in a Robotic Counseling Center
Chanhee Lee, Eunki Joung, Youngji Koh, Esther Kim, Sohwi Son, Sunjung Kwon, Uichin Lee · 2025 · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction
Designing AI coaches: a scoping review
Abongile Sipondo, Nicky H. D. Terblanche · 2026 · Coaching An International Journal of Theory Research and Practice
The technological and societal co-evolution landscape of AI medical conversational agents: An LLM-enhanced quantitative textual review
Bo Xiang, Zhaoping Yan, Hongcheng Wei, Jin Shi · 2026 · Expert Systems with Applications
Exploring Users′ Acceptance and Engagement With Mental Health Chatbots: Insights From an Integrative Review
Yanrong Yang, Jorge Tavares, Tiago Oliveira · 2026 · International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications
Exploring Real-World Use of AI Chatbots for Mental Health Support: Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Sylvie Bernaerts, Fien Buelens, Nele A. J. De Witte, Andreas Balaskas, Toon Colman, Tom Van Daele · 2026 · JMIR Mental Health
Perspectives on Socially Intelligent Conversational Agents
Luisa Brinkschulte, Stephan Schlögl, Alexander Monz, Pascal Schöttle, Matthias Janetschek · 2022 · Multimodal Technologies and Interaction
‘The teacher could correct me without being there’: Adapting distance education approaches to promote physical activity during lockdown
Thibaut Derigny, Christophe Schnitzler, Olivier Vors, Aurore Huchez, Tanguy Gerard, Séverine Mallet, Joseph Gandrieau, François Potdevin · 2023 · European Physical Education Review
Experimenting with a New Proposal for Digital Design Instrumentation: A Wizard of OZ method to study its impact on activity
Gaëlle Baudoux, Pierre Leclercq · 2023 · eCAADe proceedings
Conversational Agent Utilization Patterns of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Shirin Aghakhani, Alexandra Rousseau, Sophie Mizrahi, X. Tan, Gilly Dosovitsky, L. Mlodzianowski, Z. Marshall, Eduardo Liniers Bunge · 2024 · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science
Chatbot-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy with adolescents: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Alison Stapleton, Joseph Lavelle, Louise McHugh · 2022
Chatbots as Peer Counselors in Helping Students Manage Stress: Socio-Technical Requirements
Ethel Ong, Franco Gabriel Pena, Mitzen Mae Sotelo, Inigo Joaquin Cabredo, Jenina Althea Pascual · 2023 · International HCI and UX Conference in Indonesia (CHIuXiD)
AI and VR-Powered Interventions for Social Anxiety
Dennis Opoku Boadu, Fredrick Boafo, Lilian Ama Owusu-Ansah, Solomon Mensah · 2025 · International Journal of Virtual and Augmented Reality
Knowledge Discovery and Scientometric Analysis of Conversational Artificial Intelligence (CAI) for Mental Health
Muhammad Luthfi Hidayat, Istiak Ahmad, Moh. Hasbi Assidiqi, Tariq Jamil Saifullah Khanzada, Maram Meccawy · 2025 · International Conference on Innovation in Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things (AIIT)
The Role of Psychological Counseling in the Age of AI
Sana Alsayed · 2025 · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series
AI-Based Chatbots for Mental Health: Comparative Study
Safaa Ech-Cheikh, Nassim Kharmoum, Soumia Ziti · 2025 · Lecture notes in networks and systems
Artificial Intelligence Discontinuation Effects (AI-DICE): An Emerging Phenomenon in Mental Health Applications
Megan M. Kelly, Phoebe S Moore, Adrian Zai, Jeroan J. Allison · 2026 · JMIR AI
AI Chatbots as Companions for Trauma Survivors: Balancing Algorithmic Responses and Genuine Empathy
Malak M. Alqaidoom, Ali Ahmed Ateeq · 2025 · Studies in systems, decision and control
Combined Chatbot and Counselor Support for Smoking Cessation in China: A Pilot, Mobile-Based, Randomized Controlled Trial
Xue Weng, Ningyuan Guo, Kefeng Liu, Yufei Xia, Chuyu Song, Man Ping Wang · 2025 · Nicotine & Tobacco Research
The uncanny setting: therapeutic chatbots and the dissolution of the symbolic function in the clinical relationship
Ruggero Andrisano Ruggieri, Alberto Ragosta, Tommaso Fornaciari · 2025 · Psychodynamic Practice
Realistic human-like avatar embodiment diminishes outcomes in digital emotion regulation interventions
Eva Naumann · 2026 · Computers in Human Behavior Reports
Perceived credibility and social competence of chatbots in mental health apps and the influence of algorithm literacy
Maria F. Grub, Teresa K. Naab · 2026 · Digital Health
Physicians’ expectations of the use of conversational agents in healthcare: a qualitative study
Maximilian Wutz, Sara Söling, Juliane Köberlein-Neu · 2026 · BMC Health Services Research
The Emerging Roles of AI in Self-Directed Stress Management: Systematic Review
Mary Kamillah Grace Reyes, Shauna Teo Sha Min, Andree Hartanto · 2026 · Journal of Medical Internet Research