The use of voice assistant for psychological assessment elicits empathy and engagement while maintaining good psychometric properties
Open accessAbstract
This study aimed to use the Alexa vocal assistant as an administerer of psychometric tests, assessing the efficiency and validity of this measurement. A total of 300 participants were administered the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). After a week, the administration was repeated, but the participants were randomly divided into groups of 100 participants each. In the first, the test was administered by means of a paper version; in the second, the questionnaire was read to the participants in person, and the operator contemporaneously recorded the answers declared by the participants; in the third group, the questionnaire was directly administered by the Alexa voice device, after specific reprogramming. The third group was also administered, as a post-session survey, the Engagement and Perceptions of the Bot Scale (EPVS), a short version of the Communication Styles Inventory (CSI), the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSDS), and an additional six items to measure degrees of concentration, ease, and perceived pressure at the beginning and at the end of the administration. The results confirmed that the IRI did keep measurement invariance within the three conditions. The administration through vocal assistant showed an empathic activation effect significantly superior to the conditions of pencil-paper and operator-in-presence. The results indicated an engagement and positive evaluation of the interactive experience, with reported perceptions of closeness, warmth, competence, and human-likeness associated with higher values of empathetic activation and lower values of personal discomfort.
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Few studies evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of online treatment.
“Additionally, although technology is successfully used in psychology research (Mancone et al., 2023), few studies evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of the online treatment (Tur et al., 2021), which would allow making the necessary adjustments to ensure the intervention’s effectiveness.”
From Internet-based self-administered intervention to reduce anxiety and depression symptomatology and improve well-being in 7 countries: protocol of a randomized control trial (2024) · cites this paper as Mancone et al., 2023
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Pathinettampadiyan, B., Thavaraj, H. S., & Seema, V. (2026) · Studies in computational intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-19648-4_5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mancone, S., Diotaiuti, P., Valente, G., Corrado, S., Bellizzi, F., Vilarino, G. T., & Andrade, A.
- Affiliations
- Università degli studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale (IT)
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Diotaiuti, Pierluigi
- ORCID
- Venue
- Behavioral Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2023-07-02
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 550
- ISSN
- 2076-328X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10376154
- OpenAlex
- W4382983091
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4
- FWCI
- 4.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Behavioral Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi di Cassino (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Università degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › AI in Service Interactions
- Keywords
- voice assistants, Amazon Alexa, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, empathy, participant engagement, measurement invariance, psychometric properties, human-likeness, social desirability
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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