Cited by 651Health Literacy and Information AccessibilityInformation Retrieval and Search BehaviorSocial Media in Health Education

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Low Health Literacy and Evaluation of Online Health Information: A Systematic Review of the Literature

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Diviani, Nicola, van den Putte, Bas, Giani, Stefano, van Weert, Julia CM·2015·Journal of Medical Internet Research

DOI 10.2196/jmir.4018PMC PMC4468598

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in consumer online health information seeking. The quality of online health information, however, remains questionable. The issue of information evaluation has become a hot topic, leading to the development of guidelines and checklists to design high-quality online health information. However, little attention has been devoted to how consumers, in particular people with low health literacy, evaluate online health information. OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study was to review existing evidence on the association between low health literacy and (1) people's ability to evaluate online health information, (2) perceived quality of online health information, (3) trust in online health information, and (4) use of evaluation criteria for online health information. METHODS: Five academic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Communication and Mass-media Complete) were systematically searched. We included peer-reviewed publications investigating differences in the evaluation of online information between people with different health literacy levels. RESULTS: After abstract and full-text screening, 38 articles were included in the review. Only four studies investigated the specific role of low health literacy in the evaluation of online health information. The other studies examined the association between educational level or other skills-based proxies for health literacy, such as general literacy, and outcomes. Results indicate that low health literacy (and related skills) are negatively related to the ability to evaluate online health information and trust in online health information. Evidence on the association with perceived quality of online health information and use of evaluation criteria is inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that low health literacy (and related skills) play a role in the evaluation of online health information. This topic is therefore worth more scholarly attention. Based on the results of this review, future research in this field should (1) specifically focus on health literacy, (2) devote more attention to the identification of the different criteria people use to evaluate online health information, (3) develop shared definitions and measures for the most commonly used outcomes in the field of evaluation of online health information, and (4) assess the relationship between the different evaluative dimensions and the role played by health literacy in shaping their interplay.

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Authors: Diviani, N., van den Putte, B., Giani, S., & van Weert, J. C.
Affiliations: University of Amsterdam (NL)
Corresponding author: Diviani, Nicola
ORCID: Diviani, Nicola
Venue: Journal of Medical Internet Research
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Published: 2015-05-07
Volume: 17
Issue: 5
Pages: e112
ISSN: 1438-8871 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2196/jmir.4018
PMC: PMC4468598
OpenAlex: W1923752250
Cited by: 638
References: 87
Citations by year: 2026: 90 · 2025: 76 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 4
FWCI: 5.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Journal of Medical Internet Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: National Science Foundation
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (148345)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Literacy and Information Accessibility
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Information Retrieval and Search Behavior
Social Sciences › Health › Social Media in Health Education
Keywords: low health literacy, online health information, information evaluation, trust in health information, evaluation criteria, health information seeking, consumer health information
MeSH terms: Humans, Internet, Trust, Consumer Health Information, Health Literacy, Information Seeking Behavior

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Low Health Literacy and Evaluation of Online Health Information: A Systematic Review of the Literature

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