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Cited by 27Smoking Behavior and CessationMobile Health and mHealth ApplicationsDigital Mental Health Interventions

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Design Considerations for mHealth Programs Targeting Smokers Not Yet Ready to Quit: Results of a Sequential Mixed-Methods Study

Open access
McClure, Jennifer B, Heffner, Jaimee, Hohl, Sarah, Klasnja, Predrag, Catz, Sheryl L·2017·JMIR mHealth and uHealth
DOI 10.2196/mhealth.6845PMC PMC5381767
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Mobile health (mHealth) smoking cessation programs are typically designed for smokers who are ready to quit smoking. In contrast, most smokers want to quit someday but are not yet ready to quit. If mHealth apps were designed for these smokers, they could potentially encourage and assist more people to quit smoking. No prior studies have specifically examined the design considerations of mHealth apps targeting smokers who are not yet ready to quit. OBJECTIVE: To inform the user-centered design of mHealth apps for smokers who were not yet ready to quit by assessing (1) whether these smokers were interested in using mHealth tools to change their smoking behavior; (2) their preferred features, functionality, and content of mHealth programs addressing smoking; and (3) considerations for marketing or distributing these programs to promote their uptake. METHODS: We conducted a sequential exploratory, mixed-methods study. Qualitative interviews (phase 1, n=15) were completed with a demographically diverse group of smokers who were smartphone owners and wanted to quit smoking someday, but not yet. Findings informed a Web-based survey of smokers from across the United States (phase 2, n=116). Data were collected from April to September, 2016. RESULTS: Findings confirmed that although smokers not yet ready to quit are not actively seeking treatment or using cessation apps, most would be interested in using these programs to help them reduce or change their smoking behavior. Among phase 2 survey respondents, the app features, functions, and content rated most highly were (1) security of personal information; (2) the ability to track smoking, spending, and savings; (3) content that adaptively changes with one's needs; (4) the ability to request support as needed; (5) the ability to earn and redeem awards for program use; (6) guidance on how to quit smoking; and (7) content specifically addressing management of nicotine withdrawal, stress, depression, and anxiety. Results generally did not vary by stage of change for quitting smoking (precontemplation vs contemplation). The least popular feature was the ability to share progress via social media. Relevant to future marketing or distribution considerations, smokers were price-sensitive and valued empirically validated programs. Program source, expert recommendations, and user ratings were also important considerations. CONCLUSIONS: Smokers who are not yet ready to quit represent an important target group for intervention. Study findings suggest that many of these individuals are receptive to using mHealth tools to reduce or quit smoking, despite not having made a commitment to quit yet. The preferences for specific mHealth intervention features, functionality, and content outlined in this paper can aid addiction treatment experts, design specialists, and software developers interested in creating engaging interventions for smokers who want to quit in the future but are not yet committed to this important health goal.

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  • For clinicians and healthcare professionals, the objective is to establish a sustainable curated app repository based on explicit quality and risk criteria.

    “For clinicians and healthcare professionals: to establish a sustainable curated app repository, based on explicit quality and risk criteria [89], to assist them with evaluating and integrating mental health apps into practice [5], and on what apps to recommend [88].”

    From Security and Privacy of mHealth Applications: A Scoping Review (2020) · cites this paper as [89]

    The Phase 2 Results section discusses smokers’ preferences for research-tested apps and trusted sources, not a curated app repository for clinicians. Searches for a sustainable repository and explicit quality or risk criteria found no passage addressing that objective in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.74)

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. 2011, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 60, 1207
  2. 2015, WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2015: Raising Taxes on Tobacco
  3. 2011, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 60, 1513

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Metadata

Authors
McClure, J. B., Heffner, J., Hohl, S., Klasnja, P., & Catz, S. L.
Affiliations
  • Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (US)
  • Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
  • University of Washington (US)
  • University of California, Davis (US)
Corresponding author
McClure, Jennifer B
ORCID
Venue
JMIR mHealth and uHealth
Publisher
JMIR Publications Inc.
Published
2017-03-10
Volume
5
Issue
3
Pages
e31
ISSN
2291-5222 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.2196/mhealth.6845
PMC
PMC5381767
OpenAlex
W2592002243
Cited by
27
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2
FWCI
2.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • JMIR mhealth and uhealth (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R34DA034612)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
Keywords
user-centered design, stages of change, precontemplation, nicotine withdrawal, price sensitivity, smoking behavior change, mobile health apps, social media sharing, gamification, program uptake, user preferences, stress and anxiety management

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