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Cited by 12melanin and skin pigmentationSkin Protection and AgingAdvancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery

Formulation strategy, stability issues, safety and efficacy evaluations of Acacia catechu whitening cream

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Anurukvorakun, Oraphan, Lahpun, Narongrit, Boonruang, Rachadaporn·2019·International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics
DOI 10.22159/ijap.2019v11i2.30632
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Abstract

Objective: To investigate among formulation strategy, stability issues, safety and efficacy (tyrosinase inhibitory activity and sun protection) of a novel whitening cream containing Acacia catechu heartwood extract. Methods: The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the A. catechu extract was investigated using L-DOPA as a substrate. A combination of silicone and three photo-protective filters; natural UV filter (A. catechu extract), chemical and physical filters, was formulated and evaluated. The Sun Protection Factor (SPF), stability, skin allergy or irritation, and the satisfaction of the developed whitening creams, were investigated. Results: The A. catechu extract showed the strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity with the percentage of inhibition of 61.58% at the concentration of 120 mg/ml compared to a positive control of kojic acid (98.73 % inhibition) at the same concentration of 120 mg/ml. impressively, the highest SPF of A. catechu whitening cream with physical and chemical UV filters was 30. While, the highest SPF of the A. catechu whitening cream without those filters, was 24. No changes in color, liquefaction and phase separation were observed for the developed whitening cream when stored in the refrigerator. Among the twenty volunteers, eighteen volunteers had no skin irritation, while one of them had redness (Transient) and then another one had erythema or very slight irritation to the developed whitening creams. Besides, there was no statistically significant difference for the satisfaction between A. catechu whitening creams and commercial whitening creams (p>0.05). Conclusion: Obviously, A. catechu whitening creams had very high efficacy, stability, and safety for being a commercial product in a near future.

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  • Extracts of Lippia sericea, Cecropia obtusa, Acacia catechu heartwood, Brazilian bamboo species, and Lasallia pustulata have antioxidant and photoprotective activities.

    “Extracts of Brazilian Lippia sericea [102], Amazonian Cecropia obtusa [103], Acacia catechu heartwood [104], Brazilian bamboo species [105], and Lasallia pustulata [106] were also reported for their antioxidant and photoprotective activities.”

    From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [104]

    For the Acacia catechu heartwood citation [104], the Introduction (page not available) describes heartwood catechins as natural UV filters, and the paper reports sun protection for a cream containing heartwood extract. Its antioxidant statement concerns a leaf methanol extract, not heartwood extract; the claimed antioxidant activity of heartwood extract is therefore unsupported by this source. The other plants have separate citations and are not assessed here. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Natural extract of Acacia catechu heartwood used at 10% improves the SPF value in formulation.

    “the use of natural extracts of A. catechu heartwood [104] and wood powder [107] could be seen as a promising and eco-friendly approach in future sunscreens, since they improved the SPF value in formulation when used in 10% and 5%, respectively.”

    From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [104]

    The Plant material and Whitening cream formulation sections identify an A. catechu heartwood extract used in the creams. The in vitro sun protection factor section reports that SPF increased with extract content, but the retrieved passages do not establish the claim’s specific 10% concentration. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Extracts of Lippia sericea, Cecropia obtusa, Acacia catechu, Brazilian bamboo, and Lasallia pustulata have high SPF values in formulations (SPF = 7-86), with Brazilian bamboo most promising at SPF 44 after irradiation.

    “The other extracts revealed to possess a complex mixture of compounds, namely a high content of phenols [102,105] and polyphenols [103] and high SPF values in formulations (SPF = 7–86) [102,103,104,105,106], being the extract of Brazilian bamboo species the most promising with a SPF value of 44, after irradiation [105].”

    From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [104]

  • A greater number of phenolic constituents in extracts is related to antioxidant activity.

    “Furthermore, a relation between the presence of a greater number of phenolic constituents in the extracts and the antioxidant activity was detected [102,103,104].”

    From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [104]

    The Introduction (page unavailable) mentions antioxidant properties of plant extracts, while the Inhibition of tyrosinase activity section discusses phenolic compounds in relation to tyrosinase inhibition, not antioxidant activity. Searches for phenolic constituents and antioxidant activity found no passage linking a greater number of phenolic constituents to antioxidant activity. (LLM, conf=0.75)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Research works printed but not linked: 28

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Authors
Anurukvorakun, O., Lahpun, N., & Boonruang, R.
Affiliations
Phranakhon Rajabhat University (TH)
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics
Publisher
Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd
Published
2019-01-12
Pages
91-96
ISSN
0975-7058 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.22159/ijap.2019v11i2.30632
OpenAlex
W2910054178
Cited by
12
References
16
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1
FWCI
0.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders
  • Thailand Research Fund
  • National Research Council of Thailand
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
Keywords
Acacia catechu, skin bleaching creams, skin lightening, tyrosinase inhibition, sun protection factor, UV filters, silicone, cosmetic formulation, product stability, skin irritation, skin allergy, customer satisfaction, kojic acid

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