Rapid diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis using nucleic acid amplification tests: what is the evidence?
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
An older editorial summarizing three systematic reviews found relatively low sensitivity and concerns about cost and feasibility of commercial and in-house NAATs for extrapulmonary tuberculosis in resource-limited areas.
“An older editorial summarizing three systematic reviews (140 studies) of commercial and in‐house NAATs (other than Xpert MTB/RIF) for different forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis found relatively low sensitivity and underscored concerns about the cost and feasibility of this technology in resource‐limited areas (Pai 2008).”
From Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and Xpert MTB/RIF assays for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults (2021) · cites this paper as Pai 2008
Cites
The Growing Burden of Tuberculosis: <b>Global Trends and Interactions With the HIV Epidemic</b>
Corbett, E. L., Watt, C. J., Walker, N., Maher, D., Williams, B. G., Raviglione, M. C., & Dye, C. (2003) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.163.9.1009 · Cited by 2,553 · see citing works
A systematic review of rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of tuberculosis infection
Dinnes, J., Deeks, J., Kunst, H., Gibson, A., Cummins, E., Waugh, N., Drobniewski, F., & Lalvani, A. (2007) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta11030 · Cited by 666 · see citing works
Pai, M., Flores, L. L., Pai, N., Hubbard, A., Riley, L. W., & Colford, J. M. (2003) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(03)00772-2 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Self-citationBoehme, C. C., Nabeta, P., Henostroza, G., Raqib, R., Rahim, Z., Gerhardt, M., Sanga, E., Höelscher, M., Notomi, T., Hase, T., et al. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.02352-06 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Facing the Crisis: Improving the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in the HIV Era
Perkins, M. D., & Cunningham, J. A. (2007) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/518656 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Pai, M., Flores, L., Hubbard, A., Riley, L. W., & Colford, J. M. (2004) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/1471-2334-4-6 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Self-citationNew tools and emerging technologies for the diagnosis of tuberculosis: Part I. Latent tuberculosis
Pai, M., Kalantri, S., & Dheda, K. (2006) · Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.1586/14737159.6.3.413 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Self-citationPai, M., Kalantri, S., & Dheda, K. U. J. (2006) · Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.1586/14737159.6.3.423 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Self-citationAssessment by Meta-Analysis of PCR for Diagnosis of Smear-Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Sarmiento, O. L., Weigle, K. A., Alexander, J., Weber, D. J., & Miller, W. C. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.41.7.3233-3240.2003 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Flores, L., Pai, M., Colford, J. M., & Riley, L. W. (2005) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/1471-2180-5-55 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citationGreco, S., Girardi, E., Navarra, A., & Saltini, C. (2006) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.2005.054908 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Progress towards improved tuberculosis diagnostics for developing countries
Perkins, M. D., Roscigno, G., & Zumla, A. I. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68386-4 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
(2007) · PubMed · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationTuberculosis diagnostics trials: do they lack methodological rigor?
Pai, M., & O’Brien, R. (2006) · Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.1586/14737159.6.4.509 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationPartnering for better microbial diagnostics
Perkins, M. D., & Small, P. M. (2006) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt0806-919 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lewinsohn, D. M., Leonard, M. K., LoBue, P. A., Cohn, D. L., Daley, C. L., Desmond, E., Keane, J., Lewinsohn, D. A., Loeffler, A. M., Mazurek, G. H., et al. (2017) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciw694 · Cited by 992 · see citing works
Self-citationXpert MTB/RIF: a New Pillar in Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis?
Vadwai, V., Boehme, C., Nabeta, P., Shetty, A., Alland, D., & Rodrigues, C. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.02319-10 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Xpert <sup>®</sup> MTB/RIF assay for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance
Kohli, M., Schiller, I., Dendukuri, N., Dheda, K., Denkinger, C. M., Schumacher, S. G., & Steingart, K. R. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012768.pub2 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Kohli, M., Schiller, I., Dendukuri, N., Yao, M., Dheda, K., Denkinger, C. M., Schumacher, S. G., & Steingart, K. R. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012768.pub3 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Advances in the diagnosis of tuberculosis
Lange, C. G., & Mori, T. (2010) · Respirology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1843.2009.01692.x · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Patel, V. B., Theron, G., Lenders, L., Matinyena, B., Connolly, C., Singh, R., Coovadia, Y., Ndung'u, T., & Dheda, K. (2013) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001536 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Leonard, M. K., & Blumberg, H. M. (2017) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.tnmi7-0046-2017 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Brancusi, F., Farrar, J., & Heemskerk, D. (2012) · Future Microbiology · doi:10.2217/fmb.12.86 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Scott, L. E., Beylis, N., Nicol, M. P., Nkuna, G., Molapo, S., Berrie, L., Duse, A. G., & Stevens, W. S. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.03553-13 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Xpert® MTB/RIF assay for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance
Kohli, M., Schiller, I., Dendukuri, N., Ryan, H., Dheda, K. U. J., Denkinger, C. M., Schumacher, S. G., & Steingart, K. R. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012768 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
New Diagnostics for Latent and Active Tuberculosis: State of the Art and Future Prospects
Pai, M., & O'Brien, R. (2008) · Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0028-1085707 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationXpert MTB/RIF and GenoType MTBDRplus assays for the rapid diagnosis of bone and joint tuberculosis
Gu, Y., Wang, G., Dong, W., Li, Y., Ma, Y., Shang, Y., Qin, S., & Huang, H. (2015) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2015.05.014 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Garg, R. K. (2009) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01316.x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Haq, I., Mazhar, T., Nasir, Q., Razzaq, S., Mohsan, S. A. H., Alsharif, M. H., Alkahtani, H. K., Aljarbouh, A., & Mostafa, S. M. (2022) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym14101997 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Early Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis by a New Procedure Combining Broth Culture and PCR
Noussair, L., Bert, F., Leflon‐Guibout, V., Gayet, N., & Nicolas-Chanoine, M.-H. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.00066-09 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Jørstad, M. D., Marijani, M., Dyrhol-Riise, A. M., Sviland, L., & Mustafa, T. (2018) · PloS one · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0196723 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Diagnostic Accuracy of Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis Detection for Tuberculous Meningitis
Feng, G., Shi, M., Ma, L., Chen, P., Wang, B.-J., Zhang, M., Chang, X.-L., Su, X.-C., Yang, Y., Fan, X.-H., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201309-1686oc · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Biçmen, C., Gündüz, A. T., Coşkun, M., Şenol, G., Çırak, A. K., & Özsöz, A. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.00612-11 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Utility of a combination of RD1 and RD2 antigens as a diagnostic marker for tuberculosis
Kalra, M., Khuller, G. K., Grover, A., Behera, D., Wanchu, A., & Verma, I. (2009) · Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2009.09.005 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Leonard, M. K., Jr., & Blumberg, H. M. (2017) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555819866.ch23 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Pleural effusion in an immunocompetent woman caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum
Fabbian, F., Giorgi, A. D., Pala, M., Fratti, D., & Contini, C. (2011) · Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1099/jmm.0.024737-0 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Use of GeneXpert Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis From Body Fluid Specimens, a 2 Years Study
Pravin, K. N. (2016) · Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology · doi:10.23880/oajmb-16000105 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Allen, V., Nicol, M. P., & Tow, L. A. (2015) · Research and Reviews: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Hopewell, P. C., Kato‐Maeda, M., & Ernst, J. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-3383-5.00035-x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The performance of an in-house nested-PCR technique for pleural tuberculosis diagnoses
Montenegro, L. M. L., da Silva, B. C., Lima, J. F. D. C., da Cruz, H. L. A., Montenegro, R. D. A., Lundgren, F. L. C., Filho, A. P. L. D. A., & Schindler, H. C. (2013) · Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0127-2013 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Ieque, A. L., Palomo, C. T., Moreira, D. D. C., Meneguello, J. E., Murase, L. S., Silva, L. L., Baldin, V. P., Caleffi-Ferracioli, K. R., Siqueira, V. L. D., Cardoso, R. F., et al. (2024) · Future Microbiology · doi:10.1080/17460913.2024.2366604 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Santos, F. C. F., Lira, L. A. D. S., Montenegro, R. D. A., Lima, J. F. D. C., Lima, A. S., Schindler, H. C., & Montenegro, L. M. L. (2018) · Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0372-2017 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
HIV Diagnostics: Challenges and Opportunities
Wong, E., & HEWLETT, I. K. (2010) · HIV Therapy · doi:10.2217/hiv.10.29 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Binjomah, A. Z., Alnimr, A. M., Zareah, S. M., Alharbi, S. F., Alasmari, K. S., Aldosari, K., & Alduealej, I. M. (2021) · Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.080 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Leonard, M. K., Jr., & Blumberg, H. M. (2014) · doi:10.1128/9781555817138.ch21 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Hopewell, P. C., & Kato‐Maeda, M. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-4710-0.00034-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mamo, M. D., Zigyalew, Y., Gelan, S. E., Ntsendwana, B., & Sikhwivhilu, L. M. (2025) · Frontiers in Sensors · doi:10.3389/fsens.2024.1521727 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Efficacy of cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test to diagnose tubercular pleural effusion
Gupta, P. P., Mynalli, A. B., & Yadav, A. (2017) · International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173577 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA IN SMEAR NEGATIVE CLINICAL 3
Biçmen, C., Gündüz, A. T., Coşkun, M., Şenol, G., Çırak, A. K., & Özsöz, A. (2011)
Maserumule, C. (2013) · Open University of Cape Town (University of Cape Town)
Yurdakul, P., & Çolakoğlu, Ş. (2013) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9437-9_13
Diagnosis of tuberculosis: Newer Techniques
Ahmed, M., Kayesh, A. E., Sarker, A., Hussain, M., Alam, S., & Muniruzzaman (2018)
- Authors
- Pai, M., & Ling, D. I.
- Affiliations
- Montreal Chest Institute (CA)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Venue
- Future Microbiology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2008-01-29
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-4
- ISSN
- 1746-0913 (ISSN-L)
- 1746-0921
- OpenAlex
- W2166484904
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Future Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- the CIHR New Investigator
- the Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Keywords
- extrapulmonary tuberculosis, nucleic acid amplification tests, rapid diagnosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, diagnostic accuracy
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Time Factors, Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis, Lymph Node, Tuberculosis, Meningeal, Tuberculosis, Pleural, Reproducibility of Results, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review