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The Pennsylvania Infant and Family Development Project, I: Stability and Change in Mother-Infant and Father-Infant Interaction in a Family Setting at One, Three, and Nine Months
Abstract
In order to further understanding of the development of the father-infant relationship, patterns of mothering and fathering in 72 families were observed longitudinally (at 1, 3, and 9 months) and from the perspective of the family system. Analyses of variance revealed comparable developmental change in maternal and paternal behaviors, but striking differences between parents, with mothers engaging in far more interaction at all ages studied. Analyses of individual differences in maternal and paternal behavior revealed consistent stability over time, especially from 3 to 9 months, thereby highlighting points of similarity in mothering and fathering. Within-age correlational analyses revealed consistent positive associations between measures of father-infant and husband-wife interaction, yet little relationship between measures of mother-infant and spousal interaction. These findings and others are discussed in terms of similarities and differences in mothering and fathering.
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Cited by
The Determinants of Parenting: A Process Model
Belsky, J. (1984) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb00275.x · Cited by 4,906
Self-citationParents' differential socialization of boys and girls: a meta-analysis
Lytton, H., & Romney, D. M. (1991) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.109.2.267 · Cited by 1,210
Evolution and proximate expression of human paternal investment.
Geary, D. C. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.126.1.55 · Cited by 835
Nelson, J. A., O'Brien, M., Blankson, A. N., Calkins, S. D., & Keane, S. P. (2009) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0015977 · Cited by 414
Patterns of Marital Change and Parent-Child Interaction
Belsky, J., Youngblade, L., Rovine, M., & Volling, B. (1991) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.2307/352914 · Cited by 351
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Metadata
- Authors
- Belsky, J., Gilstrap, B., & Rovine, M.
- Venue
- Child Development
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1984-06
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 692
- ISSN
- 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2039317478
- Cited by
- 376
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 45.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Pennsylvania Infant and Family Development Project, I: Stability and Change in Mother-Infant and Father-Infant Interaction in a Family Setting at One, Three, and Nine Months. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/1130122
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- Belsky, J., Gilstrap, B., & Rovine, M. (1984). The Pennsylvania Infant and Family Development Project, I: Stability and Change in Mother-Infant and Father-Infant Interaction in a Family Setting at One, Three, and Nine Months. Child Development. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130122
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