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Infant Visual Sustained Attention and Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia
Abstract
Infants were studied cross-sectionally at 14, 20, and 26 weeks of age. They were presented with varying and complex patterns on a TV screen. Two-thirds of the presentations were accompanied by an "interrupting stimulus" in the periphery delayed in time from the onset of fixation on the central stimulus. The infants were not easily distracted from looking at the central stimulus when the presentation of the interrupting stimulus occurred at the point of maximal heart rate (HR) deceleration. However, if the presentation occurred at the end of the HR response, the infants were easily distracted. Infants with large amounts of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA; i.e., HR variability) in a baseline recording were less distractible during the deceleration-defined trials than were infants with low amounts of RSA. High-RSA infants also showed larger HR deceleration on these trials than did the low-RSA infants. These results are consistent with a model positing that sustained HR lowering during visual fixation is an index of active attention and that RSA is an index of voluntary, sustained attention in infants.
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“Heart-rate variability, or vagal tone, has been linked to several measures of cognitive and emotional processes involving attention and stimulus appraisal (Lacey & Lacey, 1958;Porges, Arnold, & Forbes, 1973;Richards, 1987;Wenger, 1941).”
From Infant and parent factors associated with early maternal sensitivity: A caregiver-attachment systems approach (2007) · cites this paper as Richards, 1987
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Thayer, J. F., Hansen, A. L., Saus-Rose, E., & Johnsen, B. H. (2009) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-009-9101-z · Cited by 1,872
“Only two exceptions of this correlational approach were found outside our lab [74, 75].”
BackgroundAutonomic characteristics of generalized anxiety disorder and worry
Thayer, J. F., Friedman, B. H., & Borkovec, T. D. (1996) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00136-0 · Cited by 857
Borkovec, T. D., Ray, W. J., & Stober, J. (1998) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1018790003416 · Cited by 802
“The importance of parasympathetic deficiency in GAD becomes clearer when one considers other research that indicates that stronger vagal tone is significantly related to more adaptive attentional deployment (Porges, 1992; Richards, 1987).”
BackgroundVagal influence on working memory and attention
Hansen, A. L., Johnsen, B. H., & Thayer, J. F. (2003) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(03)00073-4 · Cited by 759
“The Richards (1987) study reported that infants with high respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) were less distractable than infants characterized by low RSA.”
BackgroundMethodThe Development of Visual Attention in Infancy
Colombo, J. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.337 · Cited by 673
“Infants are far less distractible during periods of sustained attention in both experimental laboratory settings (Richards 1985a, 1987, 1988, 1989b, 1997b; Casey & Richards 1988) as well as in more naturalistic settings during object manipulation and examination (Lansink & Richards 1997, Oakes &…”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Richards, J. E.
- Affiliations
- University of South Carolina (US)
- Corresponding author
- Richards, John E.
- ORCID
- Richards, John E.
- Venue
- Child Development
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1987-04
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 488
- ISSN
- 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2121958234
- Cited by
- 180
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Child Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r23hd018942-02)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1 R23 HD18942-01A)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Keywords
- respiratory sinus arrhythmia, heart rate variability, distractibility, visual fixation, heart rate deceleration, voluntary attention, infant development, attentional control
- MeSH terms
- Arrhythmia, Sinus, Attention, Fixation, Ocular, Heart Rate, Humans, Infant, Respiration, Time Factors, Visual Perception
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