Words and Gestures: Infants' Interpretations of Different Forms of Symbolic Reference
Abstract
In 3 experiments, we examine the relation between language acquisition and other symbolic abilities in the early stages of language acquisition. We introduce 18- and 26-month-olds to object categories (e.g., fruit, vehicles) using a novel word or a novel symbolic gesture to name the objects. We compare the influence of these two symbolic forms on infants' object categorization. Children at both ages interpreted novel words as names for object categories. However, infants' interpretations of gestures changed over development. At 18 months, infants spontaneously interpreted gestures, like words, as names for object categories; at 26 months, infants spontaneously interpreted words but not gestures as names. The older infants succeeded in interpreting novel gestures as names only when given additional practice with the gestural medium. This clear developmental pattern supports the prediction that an initial general ability to learn symbols (both words and gestures) develops into a more focused tendency to use words as the predominant symbolic form.
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Early gestures could reflect children's general ability to learn symbols which paves the way to spoken language.
“Early gestures could reflect children's general ability to learn symbols which paves the way to spoken language (Namy & Waxman, 1998).”
From The role of dyadic combinations of infants' behaviors and caregivers' verbal and multimodal responses in predicting vocabulary outcomes (2025) · cites this paper as Namy & Waxman, 1998
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Self-citationInfants transfer nonobvious properties from pictures to real-world objects
Keates, J., Graham, S. A., & Ganea, P. A. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2014.02.003 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
- Authors
- Namy, L. L., & Waxman, S. R.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Namy, Laura L.
- Venue
- Child Development
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1998-04
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 295
- ISSN
- 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2010174756
- Cited by
- 241
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 9.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Child Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Society for Research in Child Development
- National Institutes of Health
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD 2873)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
- Keywords
- symbolic references, gesture comprehension, word interpretation, infant language acquisition, object classification, symbolic learning, word learning, gesture learning, novel words
- MeSH terms
- Psychology, Child, Female, Gestures, Humans, Infant, Language Development, Male, Mental Recall, Sign Language, Symbolism, Verbal Learning, Vocabulary
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