Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 226

The DOI matches its OpenAlex record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Structuring and Adjusting Content for Students: A Study of Live and Simulated Tutoring of Addition

Ralph T. Putnam·1987·American Educational Research Journal

Abstract

This study examined how six experienced teachers acquired information about students’ knowledge and used that information to adjust their instruction while tutoring. Each teacher tutored five simulated students and one live student in the algorithm for whole number addition. A diagnostic/remedial perspective in which the teacher forms a detailed model of the individual student’s knowledge and misconceptions was assumed in the early stages of the study, but did not describe adequately the tutoring of the teachers. Diagnosis was not their primary goal. Rather, each teacher appeared to move through a curriculum script—a loosely ordered but well defined set of skills and concepts students were expected to learn, along with the activities and strategies for teaching this material.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

OpenAlex · 10.2307/1162851

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cited by

See all 226

Metadata

Authors
Putnam, R. T.
Venue
American Educational Research Journal
Publisher
SAGE Publishing
Published
1987-01-01
Volume
24
Issue
1
Pages
13-13
ISSN
0002-8312 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2158276510
Cited by
226
References
2
FWCI
40.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Structuring and Adjusting Content for Students: A Study of Live and Simulated Tutoring of Addition. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/1162851
The paper
Putnam, R. T. (1987). Structuring and Adjusting Content for Students: A Study of Live and Simulated Tutoring of Addition. American Educational Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.2307/1162851

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.