The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The Social Transformation of American Medicine
Abstract
A Sovereign ProfessionThe Rise of Medical Authority and the Shaping of the Medical System * The Social Origins of Professional Sovereignty * Medicine in a Democratic Culture, 17601850 * The Expansion of the Market * The Consolidation of Professional Authority, 18501930 * The Reconstitution of the Hospital * The Boundaries of Public Health * Escape from the Corporation, 19001930 The Struggle For Medical CareDoctors, the State, and the Coming of the Corporation * The Mirage of Reform * The Triumph of Accommodation * The Liberal Years * End of a Mandate * The Coming of the Corporation
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Frenk, J., Chen, L., Bhutta, Z. A., Cohen, J., Crisp, N., Evans, T., Fineberg, H., Garcia, P., Ke, Y., Kelley, P., et al. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61854-5 · Cited by 5,960
Gieryn, T. F. (1983) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095325 · Cited by 4,838
The Adolescence of Institutional Theory
Scott, W. R. (1987) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392880 · Cited by 3,699
Multiple Institutional Logics in Organizations: Explaining Their Varied Nature and Implications
Besharov, M. L., & Smith, W. K. (2014) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2011.0431 · Cited by 1,571
Glenn, E. N. (1992) · Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society · doi:10.1086/494777 · Cited by 1,465
Metadata
- Authors
- Leavitt, J. W., & Starr, P.
- Venue
- The American Historical Review
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1984-04
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 532
- ISSN
- 0002-8762 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2328011167
- Cited by
- 3,247
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 744.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Social Transformation of American Medicine. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/1862729
- The paper
- Leavitt, J. W., & Starr, P. (1984). The Social Transformation of American Medicine. The American Historical Review. https://doi.org/10.2307/1862729
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
