The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Economies of Scale in Multi-Output Production
Abstract
I. Introduction, 481.—II. Counterexamples, 482.—III. Economies of scale, 484.—IV. Technological regularity conditions, 487.—V. The profitability of marginal cost pricing, 488.—VI. Concluding remarks, 492.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Foundations of Economic Analysis.
Stigler, G. J., & Samuelson, P. A. (1948) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2280713 · Cited by 4,128
Baudier, E., & Debreu, G. (1959) · Cited by 2,545
Apostol, T. M. (1957) · UCLA Biblioteca de Ingenieria Civil · Cited by 2,395
On the Proper Cost Tests for Natural Monopoly in a Multiproduct Industry
Baumöl, W. J. (1977) · American Economic Review · Cited by 397
Cited by
Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis
Banker, R. D., Charnes, A., & Cooper, W. W. (1984) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.30.9.1078 · Cited by 16,729
Technology Ecosystem Governance
Wareham, J., Fox, P. B., & Cano Giner, J. L. (2014) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2014.0895 · Cited by 931
Multiple-Product Firms and Product Switching
Bernard, A. B., Redding, S. J., & Schott, P. K. (2010) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.100.1.70 · Cited by 904
Multiproduct Firms and Trade Liberalization
Bernard, A. B., Redding, S. J., & Schott, P. K. (2011) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/qjr021 · Cited by 872
MacDuffie, J. P., Sethuraman, K., & Fisher, M. L. (1996) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.42.3.350 · Cited by 573
Metadata
- Authors
- Panzar, J. C., & Willig, R. D.
- Venue
- The Quarterly Journal of Economics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1977-08
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 481
- ISSN
- 0033-5533 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2015718720
- Cited by
- 579
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 15.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Economies of Scale in Multi-Output Production. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/1885979
- The paper
- Panzar, J. C., & Willig, R. D. (1977). Economies of Scale in Multi-Output Production. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. https://doi.org/10.2307/1885979
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
