The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The Returns to Schooling: A Selectivity Bias Approach with a Continuous Choice Variable
Abstract
The essence of selection bias is that we do not observe nonoptimal choices. This applies whether the choice variable is discrete or continuous. This paper extends the selection bias methodology to the case where the choice variable is continuous and the choice set is ordered. The leading practical application of this analysis is the schooling choice problem. Schooling is treated as a continuous choice variable and selectivity corrected rates of return are estimated. The findings suggest selectivity is of considerable importance and support the comparative advantage hypothesis of Willis and Rosen [18].
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
(2001) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 27,577
The Effect of Education on Crime: Evidence from Prison Inmates, Arrests, and Self-Reports
Lochner, L., & Moretti, E. (2004) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/000282804322970751 · Cited by 2,032
Selection and Comparative Advantage in Technology Adoption
(2011) · Econometrica · doi:10.3982/ecta7749 · Cited by 543
Racial Segregation and the Black-White Test Score Gap,
Card, D., & Rothstein, J. (2007) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2007.03.006 · Cited by 460
Wetzel, H. A., Hammerschmidt, M., & Zablah, A. R. (2014) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1509/jm.12.0167 · Cited by 216
Metadata
- Authors
- Garen, J.
- Venue
- Econometrica
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1984-09
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1199
- ISSN
- 0012-9682 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1984131812
- Cited by
- 411
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 6.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Returns to Schooling: A Selectivity Bias Approach with a Continuous Choice Variable. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/1910996
- The paper
- Garen, J. (1984). The Returns to Schooling: A Selectivity Bias Approach with a Continuous Choice Variable. Econometrica. https://doi.org/10.2307/1910996
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
