The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Time Budgeting and Group Size: A Theory
Abstract
This paper considers interactions between time budgets, group size and overwinter survivorship for members of avian foraging flocks. Individuals should respond to the social environment and energetic requirements by varying their allocation of time to predator detection, feeding and aggression. Predictions relate time budgets qualitatively to both the expectation and variance of foraging group sizes. Optimal group sizes for dominants and subordinates are compared to the expected group size.
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Citations
Cites
Hamilton, W. D. (1971) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-5193(71)90189-5 · Cited by 3,506
Cited by
Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectus
Lima, S. L., & Dill, L. M. (1990) · Canadian Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1139/z90-092 · Cited by 8,196
Foraging-efficiency-predation-risk trade-off in the grey squirrel
Lima, S. L., Valone, T. J., & Caraco, T. (1985) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/s0003-3472(85)80129-9 · Cited by 364
Self-citationAvian flocking in the presence of a predator
Caraco, T., Martindale, S., & Pulliam, H. R. (1980) · Nature · doi:10.1038/285400a0 · Cited by 342
Self-citationWinter Mortality and Food Supply in Tits Parus spp.
Jansson, C., Ekman, J., von Brömssen, A., & von Bromssen, A. (1981) · Oikos · doi:10.2307/3544122 · Cited by 257
Metadata
- Authors
- Caraco, T.
- Venue
- Ecology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1979-06
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 611-617
- ISSN
- 0012-9658 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-9170
- OpenAlex
- W2090561460
- Cited by
- 231
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 10.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Time Budgeting and Group Size: A Theory. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/1936081
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- Caraco, T. (1979). Time Budgeting and Group Size: A Theory. Ecology. https://doi.org/10.2307/1936081
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
