Cited by 3,506Animal Behavior and ReproductionEvolutionary Game Theory and CooperationEvolution and Genetic Dynamics

Geometry for the selfish herd

Hamilton, W.D.·1971·Journal of Theoretical Biology

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/0022-5193(71)90189-5

Cites

19 of 19 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Predator dilution effects require only that individuals remain close to each other.

    “For example, predator dilution effects require only that individuals remain close to each other [28], as do some public goods in bacteria [18].”

    From The social origins of consciousness (2025) · cites this paper as [28]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Hamilton, W. D.
Affiliations
Imperial College London (GB)
Corresponding author
Hamilton, W.D.
Venue
Journal of Theoretical Biology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1971-05
Volume
31
Issue
2
Pages
295-311
ISSN
0022-5193 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1998143474
Cited by
3,506
References
19
Citations by year
2026: 70 · 2025: 123 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 89 · 2022: 96 · 2021: 98 · 2020: 117 · 2019: 143 · 2018: 131 · 2017: 122 · 2016: 110 · 2015: 109 · 2014: 121 · 2013: 101 · 2012: 102
FWCI
21.69
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Theoretical Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
Keywords
gregariousness, animal aggregation, predator avoidance, geometric probability, selection theory
MeSH terms
Animals, Anura, Behavior, Animal, Breeding, Communication, Biological Evolution, Fear, Metallurgy, Models, Biological, Probability, Snakes, Spatial Behavior

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review