Cited by 3,318Political Science Research and EducationQualitative Comparative Analysis ResearchSocial Science and Policy Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Concept Misformation in Comparative Politics

Sartori, Giovanni·1970·American Political Science Review

DOI 10.2307/1958356

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

“To have mastered ‘theory’ and ‘method’ is to have become a conscious thinker , a man at work and aware of the assumptions and implications of whatever he is about. To be mastered by ‘method’ or ‘theory’ is simply to be kept from working.” The sentence applies nicely to the present plight of political science. The profession as a whole oscillates between two unsound extremes. At the one end a large majority of political scientists qualify as pure and simple unconscious thinkers. At the other end a sophisticated minority qualify as overconscious thinkers, in the sense that their standards of method and theory are drawn from the physical, “paradigmatic” sciences. The wide gap between the unconscious and the overconscious thinker is concealed by the growing sophistication of statistical and research techniques. Most of the literature introduced by the title “Methods” (in the social, behavioral or political sciences) actually deals with survey techniques and social statistics, and has little if anything to share with the crucial concern of “methodology,” which is a concern with the logical structure and procedure of scientific enquiry. In a very crucial sense there is no methodology without logos , without thinking about thinking. And if a firm distinction is drawn—as it should be—between methodology and technique, the latter is no substitute for the former. One may be a wonderful researcher and manipulator of data, and yet remain an unconscious thinker.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2307/1958356

Cites

42 of 42 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Minnesota studies in the philosophy of science
Feigl, H., & Scriven, M. S. (1956) · Cited by 4,420
Models of Man.
Shackle, G. L. S., & Simon, H. A. (1959) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2228083 · Cited by 3,592
Comparative Politics and the Comparative Method
Lijphart, A. (1971) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1955513 · Cited by 3,151
The Conduct of Inquiry
Salas, M. D. L. N. J., & Kaplan, A. (1967) · Revista española de la opinión pública · doi:10.2307/40180865 · Cited by 1,362
Causal Inferences in Nonexperimental Research
Blalock, H. M. (1964) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,276
Social Mobilization and Political Development
Deutsch, K. W. (1961) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055400125134 · Cited by 1,083
Comparative Politics: A Developmental Approach. By Gabriel A. Almond and G. Bingham PowellJr. (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1966. Pp. 348.)
Hoadley, S. (1969) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1954710 · Cited by 871
Book Review: Research Methods in the Behavioral Sciences
Blankertz, D. F., Festinger, L., & Katz, D. (1954) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.2307/1247742 · Cited by 706
The Policy Sciences
Sorensen, R. C., Lerner, D. A., & Lasswell, H. D. (1953) · The Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science · doi:10.2307/1139766 · Cited by 632
Research Methods in Social Relations
Liguori, S. M., Selltiz, C., Jahoda, M., Deutsch, M., & Cook, S. W. (1959) · The American Catholic Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/3709611 · Cited by 581

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 42 references

Research works printed but not linked: 31

Flanigan, Contemporary Political Analysis, 82
Eléments de Mathématique
Sartori, 1959, Il Mulino, 7
Bendix, Concepts and Generalizations …, 536
Kaplan, The Conduct of Inquiry, 63
1952, Fundamentals of Concept Formation in Empirical Science, 54
Salmon, 1963, Logic, 90
Truman's, 1931, The Governmental Process
1968, Comparative Politics, 72
Spengler, Quantity and Quality, 176
1968, Comparative Politics, 81
1967, Transactions of the Sixth World Congress of Sociology, II, 103
Almond, 1966, Comparative Politics: A Developmental Approach, 21
Demerath, 1967, System, Change and Conflict
Rose, Social Measure and Public Policy in Britain—The Empiricizing Process, 8
Lazarsfeld, The Policy Sciences, 170
Charlesworth, Contemporary Political Analysis, 72
Charlesworth, Contemporary Political Analysis, 88
Eckstein's, 1963, Comparative Politics
Kemeny, Quantity and Quality, 35
Dowse, 1966, World Politics, 607
Hempel, Symposium on Sociological Theory, 87
Boudon, 1965, Méthodes de la Sociologie, 2
Allen, African Perspectives
1968, Comparative Politics, 66
Urbani, 1968, General Systems Theory: Un Nuovo Strumento per l'Analisi dei Sistemi Politici?, Il Politico, 4, 795
Meotti, 1969, L'Eliminazione dei Termini Teorici, Rivista di Filosofia, 2, 119
Holt, 1970, The Methodology of Comparative Research, 95
MacKenzie's, 1958, Free Elections
1957, Social Theory and Social Structure, 19
Lasswell, 1950, Power and Society, XVI

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 999

Culturalized Religion: A Synthetic Review and Agenda for Research
Astor, A., & Mayrl, D. (2020) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.1111/jssr.12661 · Cited by 149
The Politics of Vigilantism
Bateson, R. (2020) · Comparative Political Studies · doi:10.1177/0010414020957692 · Cited by 129
“Based on Sartori (2009a): “The standard manner of delimiting a concept is to”
Background
Outside the Bubble
Vaccari, C., & Valeriani, A. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190858476.001.0001 · Cited by 153
A Pragmatist Approach to Causality in Ethnography
Tavory, I., & Timmermans, S. (2013) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/675891 · Cited by 135
The Importance of Research Design in Political Science
King, G., Keohane, R. O., & Verba, S. (1995) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/2082445 · Cited by 145
All around the world: Assessing optimality in comparative circular economy policy packages
Fitch-Roy, O., Benson, D., & Monciardini, D. (2020) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125493 · Cited by 131
Magical or Monstrous? Hybridity in Social Housing Governance
Blessing, A. (2012) · Housing Studies · doi:10.1080/02673037.2012.649469 · Cited by 125
Remoulding the Critical Junctures Approach
Hogan, J. (2006) · Canadian Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1017/s0008423906060203 · Cited by 127
Popular Democracy and the European Union Polity
Mair, P. (2005) · Cadmus - EUI Research Repository (European University Institute) · Cited by 125
Defining the gig economy: platform capitalism and the reinvention of precarious work
Montgomery, T., & Baglioni, S. (2020) · International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy · doi:10.1108/ijssp-08-2020-0400 · Cited by 123
“One key text is that of Sartori (1970) whose concern with ‘conceptual stretching’ stemming from his experience of the field of comparative politics captures very well the concern that we too have encountered when researching the gig economy, that is the careful construction of concepts.”
BackgroundInfluential
Still the century of ‘new’ environmental policy instruments? Exploring patterns of innovation and continuity
Jordan, A., Wurzel, R. K. W., & Zito, A. R. (2013) · Environmental Politics · doi:10.1080/09644016.2013.755839 · Cited by 136
Conceptualizing Legal Mobilization: How Should We Understand the Deployment of Legal Strategies?
Lehoucq, E., & Taylor, W. K. (2019) · Law & Social Inquiry · doi:10.1017/lsi.2019.59 · Cited by 132
“As Giovanni Sartori (1970) argued, relaxing the bounds of a concept increases its empirical coverage and can do so up to a point that leads to conceptual stretching, wherein attempts to include more and more qualities render a concept stretched beyond recognition and analytically useless (Goertz…”
BackgroundMethod
Cultural Theory and the New Institutionalism
Grendstad, G., & Selle, P. (1995) · Journal of Theoretical Politics · doi:10.1177/0951692895007001001 · Cited by 121
A Quantitative Comparison of Social and Commercial Entrepreneurship: Toward a More Nuanced Understanding of Social Entrepreneurship Organizations in Context
Bacq, S. C., Hartog, C., & Hoogendoorn, B. (2013) · Journal of Social Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1080/19420676.2012.758653 · Cited by 120
Good Governance as a Concept, and Why This Matters for Development PolicyPreprint
Gisselquist, R. M. (2012) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 119
Four Reasons to Abandon the Idea of “The Ghetto”
Small, M. L. (2008) · City and Community · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6040.2008.00271_8.x · Cited by 118
The concept of revolutionary terrorism
Crenshaw, M. (1972) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/002200277201600307 · Cited by 117
Digital Trace Data in the Study of Public Opinion
Jungherr, A. M., Schoen, H., Posegga, O., & Jürgens, P. (2016) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/0894439316631043 · Cited by 131
“In this, proponents fall victim to a positivistic fallacy and resemble what Sartori (1970) has termed ‘‘the unconscious thinker,’’ a scholar using advanced quantitative methods without linking them sufficiently to the phenomena of interest.”
Background
Is Social Capital a Good Concept?
Bjørnskov, C., & Sønderskov, K. M. (2012) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-012-0199-1 · Cited by 117
On the Priorities of Government: A Developmental Analysis of Public Policies
Rose, R. (1976) · European Journal of Political Research · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1976.tb00533.x · Cited by 116
Political Dynamics of the Post-Communist Transition: A Comparative Perspective
Bova, R. (1991) · World Politics · doi:10.2307/2010425 · Cited by 116
From My Cold, Dead Hands: Democratic Consequences of Sacred Rhetoric
Marietta, M. (2008) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1017/s0022381608080742 · Cited by 117
Friend or Foe? Testing the Influence of Populism on Democratic Quality in Latin America
Huber, R. A., & Schimpf, C. H. (2015) · Political Studies · doi:10.1111/1467-9248.12219 · Cited by 117
Can experts judge elections? Testing the validity of expert judgments for measuring election integrity
Coma, F. M. I., & van Ham, C. (2015) · European Journal of Political Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12084 · Cited by 114
The Chinese diaspora: The current distribution of the overseas Chinese population
Poston, D. L., & Wong, J. H. (2016) · Chinese Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1177/2057150x16655077 · Cited by 127
Are wicked problems really so wicked? Perceptions of policy problems
Peters, B. G., & Tarpey, M. (2019) · Policy and Society · doi:10.1080/14494035.2019.1626595 · Cited by 137
“If we adopt a ‘classical conceptualization’ approach (Sartori, 1970) then none of those problems fits the concept.”
Method
Studying civil society across the world: Exploring the Thorny issues of conceptualization and measurement
Heinrich, V. F. (2005) · Journal of Civil Society · doi:10.1080/17448680500484749 · Cited by 114
BETTER REGULATION IN EUROPE: BETWEEN PUBLIC MANAGEMENT AND REGULATORY REFORM
Radaelli, C. M., & Meuwese, A. C. M. (2009) · Public Administration · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9299.2009.01771.x · Cited by 114
A Normative Turn in Political Science?
Gerring, J., & Yesnowitz, J. C. (2006) · Polity · doi:10.1057/palgrave.polity.2300054 · Cited by 116
Growth and Governance: A Defense
Kurtz, M. J., & Schrank, A. M. (2007) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00551.x · Cited by 113
Advancing Comparative Climate Change Politics: Theory and Method
Purdon, M. (2015) · Global Environmental Politics · doi:10.1162/glep_e_00309 · Cited by 120
Clarifying multilevel governance
Tortola, P. D. (2016) · European Journal of Political Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12180 · Cited by 113
“The third criterion is consistency, according to which a concept needs to retain the same meaning across its entire set of empirical referents so as to avoid conceptual stretching (Sartori 1970).”
« Économie morale » et protestation – détours africains
Siméant, J. (2011) · Genèses · doi:10.3917/gen.081.0142 · Cited by 112
Translating Quantitative Methods for Qualitative Researchers: The Case of Selection Bias
Collier, D. (1995) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/2082442 · Cited by 121
Reconciliation: A comprehensive framework for empirical analysis
Rettberg, A., & Ugarriza, J. E. (2016) · Security Dialogue · doi:10.1177/0967010616671858 · Cited by 116
Studying a negative external actor: Russia's management of stability and instability in the ‘Near Abroad’
Tolstrup, J. (2009) · Democratization · doi:10.1080/13510340903162101 · Cited by 111
Are dictatorships returning? Revisiting the ‘democratic rollback’ hypothesis
Merkel, W. (2010) · Contemporary Politics · doi:10.1080/13569771003593839 · Cited by 114
Imperial Rule and the Politics of Nationalism: Anti-Colonial Protest in the French Empire
Lawrence, A. K. (2013) · Cited by 111
Varieties of vigilantism: conceptual discord, meaning and strategies
Moncada, E. (2017) · Global Crime · doi:10.1080/17440572.2017.1374183 · Cited by 110
The polyvalent populism of the 5 Star Movement
Pirro, A. L. P. (2018) · Journal of Contemporary European Studies · doi:10.1080/14782804.2018.1519484 · Cited by 119
“In our understanding of classical categories, this definition would entail moving down the ladder of abstraction and define a secondary category on the basis of additional characteristics (Sartori 1970).”
Background
The role of independent regulatory agencies in policy-making: a comparative analysis
Maggetti, M. (2009) · Journal of European Public Policy · doi:10.1080/13501760802662854 · Cited by 110
Sustainable Entrepreneurial Orientation: A Business Strategic Approach for Sustainable Development
Criado-Gomis, A., Cervera, A., & Bonillo, M. Á. I. (2017) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su9091667 · Cited by 118
Causal Assessment in Small‐N Policy Studies
Steinberg, P. F. (2007) · Policy Studies Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1541-0072.2007.00215.x · Cited by 115
The Methodology of “Varieties of Democracy” (V-Dem) 1
Coppedge, M., Gerring, J., Knutsen, C. H., Krusell, J., Medzihorsky, J., Pernes, J., Skaaning, S., Stepanova, N., Teorell, J., Tzelgov, E., et al. (2019) · Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique · doi:10.1177/0759106319854989 · Cited by 108
“…for this formula, which is similar for all four DIs, is the same as that for the Electoral Democracy Index: we use an equal weighting of the additive terms and the multiplicative term in order to respect both the Sartorian necessary conditions logic and a family resemblance logic (Sartori, 1970).”
Who Cares about the Weather?: Climate Change and U.S. National Security
Busby, J. W. (2008) · Security Studies · doi:10.1080/09636410802319529 · Cited by 109
I. “Most Different Systems” and “Most Similar Systems”
Meckstroth, T. W. (1975) · Comparative Political Studies · doi:10.1177/001041407500800202 · Cited by 108
Institutional logics analysis in higher education research
Cai, Y., & Mountford, N. (2021) · Studies in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03075079.2021.1946032 · Cited by 107
“This may signal a problem of ‘concept misformation’, including ‘conceptual straining’ and ‘conceptual stretching’ (Sartori 1970).”
Background
Preventive War and Democratic Politics.
Levy, J. S. (2008) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00489.x · Cited by 106
Ideas, Networks, and Policy Streams: Privatization in Britain and Germany
Zahariadis, N., & Allen, C. S. (1995) · Review of Policy Research · doi:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1995.tb00622.x · Cited by 106
Beyond the Radial Delusion: Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy and Non-democracy
Møller, J. Ø., & Skaaning, S. (2010) · International Political Science Review · doi:10.1177/0192512110369522 · Cited by 104
What Isn't a Norm? Redefining the Conceptual Boundaries of “Norms” in the Human Rights Literature
Jurkovich, M. (2019) · International Studies Review · doi:10.1093/isr/viz040 · Cited by 104
A democracia no Brasil: presidencialismo, coalizão partidária e processo decisório
Limongi, F. (2006) · Novos Estudos - CEBRAP · doi:10.1590/s0101-33002006000300002 · Cited by 104
Reclaiming Everyday Peace: Local Voices in Measurement and Evaluation After War
Firchow, P. (2018) · Cited by 102
The European Union: security governance and collective securitisation
Sperling, J. C., & Webber, M. (2018) · West European Politics · doi:10.1080/01402382.2018.1510193 · Cited by 122
“One time-honoured response to such problems of complexity is abstraction (Sartori 1970), the deployment of concepts (or what we would prefer to call models), the definitional parameters of which allow for the collection and sorting of empirical data as a first step toward theoretical reasoning…”
Background
The continuum of passive revolution
Morton, A. D. (2010) · Capital & Class · doi:10.1177/0309816810378266 · Cited by 102
Concept Stretching: The Case of Deliberation
Steiner, J. (2008) · European Political Science · doi:10.1057/palgrave.eps.2210186 · Cited by 102
Social Innovation and Social Policy – Promises and Risks
Sinclair, S., & Baglioni, S. (2014) · Social Policy and Society · doi:10.1017/s1474746414000086 · Cited by 101
The Second Wave of Incorporation in Latin America: A Conceptualization of the Quest for Inclusion Applied to Argentina
Rossi, F. M. (2014) · Latin American Politics and Society · doi:10.1111/j.1548-2456.2015.00256.x · Cited by 101
Making sense of “international practices”
Kratochwil, F. V. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511862373.004 · Cited by 101
The Guardian State: Strengthening the public service against democratic backsliding
Yesilkagit, K., Bauer, M., Peters, B. G., & Pierre, J. (2024) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.13808 · Cited by 112
Importing Concepts from Biology into Political Science: The Case of Punctuated Equilibrium
Prindle, D. F. (2012) · Policy Studies Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1541-0072.2011.00432.x · Cited by 104
The nature and future of comparative politics
Schmitter, P. C. (2009) · European Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s1755773909000010 · Cited by 100
Explaining Wars Fought by Established Democracies: Do Institutional Constraints Matter?
Leblang, D. A., & Chan, S. (2003) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/106591290305600401 · Cited by 99
Comparative Politics Today
Roberts, G. K. (1972) · Government and Opposition · doi:10.1111/j.1477-7053.1972.tb00832.x · Cited by 99
Disciplining Political Science
Laitin, D. D. (1995) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055400096453 · Cited by 101
Soft Balancing in the Americas: Latin American Opposition to U.S. Intervention, 1898–1936
Friedman, M. P., & Long, T. (2015) · International Security · doi:10.1162/isec_a_00212 · Cited by 98
Protesting the Paradigm
Shahin, S., Zheng, P., Wilkerson, H. S., & Fadnis, D. (2016) · The International Journal of Press/Politics · doi:10.1177/1940161216631114 · Cited by 97
V-Dem Comparisons and Contrasts with Other Measurement ProjectsPreprint
Coppedge, M., Gerring, J., Lindberg, S. I., Skaaning, S., & Teorell, J. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2951014 · Cited by 97
Political parties and climate policy
Carter, N. T., Ladrech, R., Little, C., & Tsagkroni, V. (2017) · Party Politics · doi:10.1177/1354068817697630 · Cited by 96
“These categories may contribute to a fuller picture of parties’ climate policy preferences, but they also risk ‘stretching’ the concept of climate policy (Sartori, 1970).”
Background
Conceptualizing and Measuring Citizens’ Preferences for Democracy: Taking Stock of Three Decades of Research in a Fragmented Field
König, P. D., Siewert, M. Β., & Ackermann, K. (2022) · Comparative Political Studies · doi:10.1177/00104140211066213 · Cited by 105
“Concept formation lays the foundation for any empirical analysis (Sartori, 1970, p. 1038) and is therefore directly related to the resulting empirical diagnosis of citizens’ preferences for democracy.”
Background
The European Union Interest System in Comparative Perspective: A Bridge Too Far?
Lowery, D., Poppelaars, C., & Berkhout, J. (2008) · West European Politics · doi:10.1080/01402380802372670 · Cited by 98
Political Institutions, Old and New
Peters, B. G. (1998) · doi:10.1093/0198294719.003.0007 · Cited by 95
Necessity Entrepreneurship
O'Donnell, P. J. M., Leger, M., O’Gorman, C., & Clinton, E. A. (2023) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/annals.2021.0176 · Cited by 105
Size, Insularity and Democracy
Anckar, D., & Anckar, C. (1995) · Scandinavian Political Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1995.tb00001.x · Cited by 93
Seeking the Soul of Democracy: A Review of Recent Research into Citizens’ Political Talk Culture
Schmitt-Beck, R., & Lup, O. (2013) · Swiss Political Science Review · doi:10.1111/spsr.12051 · Cited by 73
Philanthropy as an Essentially Contested Concept
Daly, S. (2011) · VOLUNTAS International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations · doi:10.1007/s11266-011-9213-5 · Cited by 93
Still Not Pushing Back
Howorth, J., & Menon, A. (2009) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002709339362 · Cited by 93
Gender and political violence in latin America Concepts, debates and solutions
Krook, M. L., & Sanín, J. R. (2016) · Cited by 93
The governance of decentralised cooperation in collective training systems: a review and conceptualisation
Emmenegger, P., Graf, L., & Trampusch, C. (2018) · Journal of Vocational Education and Training · doi:10.1080/13636820.2018.1498906 · Cited by 93
“Following Sartori (1970), we assume that theory-guided concept formation is of crucial importance for comparative research because we can only investigate and explain phenomena of which we have formed a suitable concept able to grasp concrete realities in abstract terms.”
BackgroundInfluential
THE DYING OF CLASS OR OR MARXIST CLASS THEORY?
Pakulski, J. (1993) · International Sociology · doi:10.1177/026858093008003002 · Cited by 93
Building Blocks for a Methodology for Comparative Urban Political Research
Denters, S. A. H., & Mossberger, K. (2006) · Urban Affairs Review · doi:10.1177/1078087405282607 · Cited by 92
The Role of Theory and Anomaly in Social-Scientific Inference
Rogowski, R. L. (1995) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/2082443 · Cited by 93
The many lives of state capitalism: From classical Marxism to free-market advocacy
Sperber, N. (2019) · History of the Human Sciences · doi:10.1177/0952695118815553 · Cited by 92
The classification of electoral systems
Blais, A. (1988) · European Journal of Political Research · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1988.tb00143.x · Cited by 92
Generalization by Mechanism
Bengtsson, B., & Hertting, N. (2013) · Philosophy of the Social Sciences · doi:10.1177/0048393113506495 · Cited by 101
Varieties of Reconciliation
Meierhenrich, J. (2008) · Law & Social Inquiry · doi:10.1111/j.1747-4469.2008.00098.x · Cited by 96
Lobbying and Influence
Leech, B. L. (2010) · The Oxford Handbook of American Political Parties and Interest Groups · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199542628.003.0028 · Cited by 91
The Regime Question: Theory Building in Democracy Studies
Munck, G. L. (2001) · World Politics · doi:10.1353/wp.2001.0025 · Cited by 95
‘Primordialism’ in nationalism studies: theory or ideology?
Coakley, J. (2017) · Nations and Nationalism · doi:10.1111/nana.12349 · Cited by 90
The study of the far right and its three E’s: why scholarship must go beyond Eurocentrism, Electoralism and Externalism
Gattinara, P. C. (2020) · French Politics · doi:10.1057/s41253-020-00124-8 · Cited by 97
Modes of Governance : A Note Towards Conceptual Clarification
Treib, O., Bähr, H., & Falkner, G. (2005) · Fachinformationen für Politikwissenschaft, Verwaltungswissenschaft und Kommunalwissenschaften (Institut für Friedensforschung und Sicherheitspolitik) · Cited by 90
The Promise of Historical Sociology in International Relations
Lawson, G. (2006) · International Studies Review · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2486.2006.00600.x · Cited by 91
Bringing the Courts Back In: Interbranch Perspectives on the Role of Courts in American Politics and Policy Making
Barnes, J. (2006) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.080505.101210 · Cited by 86
Islam, Authoritarianism, and Underdevelopment
Kuru, A. T. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108296892 · Cited by 115
Canons of research design in qualitative analysis
Munck, G. L. (1998) · Studies in Comparative International Development · doi:10.1007/bf02687490 · Cited by 88
A Duration Analysis of Democratic Transitions and Authoritarian Backslides
Alemán, J. A., & Yang, D. D. (2011) · Comparative Political Studies · doi:10.1177/0010414011405460 · Cited by 94
Evaluating social learning in England flood risk management: An ‘individual-community interaction’ perspective
Benson, D., Lorenzoni, I., & Cook, H. (2015) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2015.05.013 · Cited by 88
From Euroscepticism to Resistance to European Integration: An Interdisciplinary Perspective
Crespy, A., & Verschueren, N. (2009) · Perspectives on European Politics and Society · doi:10.1080/15705850903105793 · Cited by 88
Sport and Social Entrepreneurship: A Review of a Concept in Progress
Bjärsholm, D. (2017) · Journal of Sport Management · doi:10.1123/jsm.2017-0007 · Cited by 87
Ontology, Levels of Society, and Degrees of Generality: Theorizing Actors as Abstractions in Institutional Theory
Hwang, H., & Colyvas, J. A. (2019) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2014.0266 · Cited by 86

Authors: Sartori, G.
Affiliations: University of Florence (IT)
Corresponding author: Sartori, Giovanni
Venue: American Political Science Review
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 1970-12
Volume: 64
Issue: 4
Pages: 1033-1053
ISSN: 0003-0554 (ISSN-L)
1537-5943
DOI: 10.2307/1958356
OpenAlex: W2009952390
Cited by: 3,318
References: 42
Citations by year: 2026: 182 · 2025: 248 · 2024: 212 · 2023: 225 · 2022: 182 · 2021: 213 · 2020: 189 · 2019: 190 · 2018: 184 · 2017: 112 · 2016: 94 · 2015: 131 · 2014: 125 · 2013: 126 · 2012: 107
FWCI: 138.50
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 15949 d)
Locations: American Political Science Review (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Political Science Research and Education
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research
Social Sciences › General Social Sciences › Social Science and Policy Research
Keywords: comparative politics, political science methodology, theory and method, unconscious thinking, survey techniques, social statistics

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Concept Misformation in Comparative Politics

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks