Cited by 3,318Political Science Research and EducationQualitative Comparative Analysis ResearchSocial Science and Policy Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Concept Misformation in Comparative Politics

Sartori, Giovanni·1970·American Political Science Review

DOI 10.2307/1958356

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

“To have mastered ‘theory’ and ‘method’ is to have become a conscious thinker , a man at work and aware of the assumptions and implications of whatever he is about. To be mastered by ‘method’ or ‘theory’ is simply to be kept from working.” The sentence applies nicely to the present plight of political science. The profession as a whole oscillates between two unsound extremes. At the one end a large majority of political scientists qualify as pure and simple unconscious thinkers. At the other end a sophisticated minority qualify as overconscious thinkers, in the sense that their standards of method and theory are drawn from the physical, “paradigmatic” sciences. The wide gap between the unconscious and the overconscious thinker is concealed by the growing sophistication of statistical and research techniques. Most of the literature introduced by the title “Methods” (in the social, behavioral or political sciences) actually deals with survey techniques and social statistics, and has little if anything to share with the crucial concern of “methodology,” which is a concern with the logical structure and procedure of scientific enquiry. In a very crucial sense there is no methodology without logos , without thinking about thinking. And if a firm distinction is drawn—as it should be—between methodology and technique, the latter is no substitute for the former. One may be a wonderful researcher and manipulator of data, and yet remain an unconscious thinker.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2307/1958356

Cites

42 of 42 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Minnesota studies in the philosophy of science
Feigl, H., & Scriven, M. S. (1956) · Cited by 4,420
Models of Man.
Shackle, G. L. S., & Simon, H. A. (1959) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2228083 · Cited by 3,592
Comparative Politics and the Comparative Method
Lijphart, A. (1971) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1955513 · Cited by 3,151
The Conduct of Inquiry
Salas, M. D. L. N. J., & Kaplan, A. (1967) · Revista española de la opinión pública · doi:10.2307/40180865 · Cited by 1,362
Causal Inferences in Nonexperimental Research
Blalock, H. M. (1964) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,276
Social Mobilization and Political Development
Deutsch, K. W. (1961) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055400125134 · Cited by 1,083
Comparative Politics: A Developmental Approach. By Gabriel A. Almond and G. Bingham PowellJr. (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1966. Pp. 348.)
Hoadley, S. (1969) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1954710 · Cited by 871
Book Review: Research Methods in the Behavioral Sciences
Blankertz, D. F., Festinger, L., & Katz, D. (1954) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.2307/1247742 · Cited by 706
The Policy Sciences
Sorensen, R. C., Lerner, D. A., & Lasswell, H. D. (1953) · The Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science · doi:10.2307/1139766 · Cited by 632
Research Methods in Social Relations
Liguori, S. M., Selltiz, C., Jahoda, M., Deutsch, M., & Cook, S. W. (1959) · The American Catholic Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/3709611 · Cited by 581

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 42 references

Research works printed but not linked: 31

Flanigan, Contemporary Political Analysis, 82
Eléments de Mathématique
Sartori, 1959, Il Mulino, 7
Bendix, Concepts and Generalizations …, 536
Kaplan, The Conduct of Inquiry, 63
1952, Fundamentals of Concept Formation in Empirical Science, 54
Salmon, 1963, Logic, 90
Truman's, 1931, The Governmental Process
1968, Comparative Politics, 72
Spengler, Quantity and Quality, 176
1968, Comparative Politics, 81
1967, Transactions of the Sixth World Congress of Sociology, II, 103
Almond, 1966, Comparative Politics: A Developmental Approach, 21
Demerath, 1967, System, Change and Conflict
Rose, Social Measure and Public Policy in Britain—The Empiricizing Process, 8
Lazarsfeld, The Policy Sciences, 170
Charlesworth, Contemporary Political Analysis, 72
Charlesworth, Contemporary Political Analysis, 88
Eckstein's, 1963, Comparative Politics
Kemeny, Quantity and Quality, 35
Dowse, 1966, World Politics, 607
Hempel, Symposium on Sociological Theory, 87
Boudon, 1965, Méthodes de la Sociologie, 2
Allen, African Perspectives
1968, Comparative Politics, 66
Urbani, 1968, General Systems Theory: Un Nuovo Strumento per l'Analisi dei Sistemi Politici?, Il Politico, 4, 795
Meotti, 1969, L'Eliminazione dei Termini Teorici, Rivista di Filosofia, 2, 119
Holt, 1970, The Methodology of Comparative Research, 95
MacKenzie's, 1958, Free Elections
1957, Social Theory and Social Structure, 19
Lasswell, 1950, Power and Society, XVI

Sorted by citations

Items 401–500 of 999

The Illusion of Accountability in the European Union
Gustavsson, S., Persson, T., & Karlsson, C. (2009) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203874714 · Cited by 62
The ‘Global South’ as a relational category – global hierarchies in the production of law and legal pluralism
Berger, T. (2020) · Third World Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01436597.2020.1827948 · Cited by 61
Historical Sociology in International Relations: Open Society, Research Programme and Vocation
Lawson, G. (2007) · International Politics · doi:10.1057/palgrave.ip.8800195 · Cited by 63
Repackaging the poor? Conceptualising neoliberal reforms of social rental housing
Blessing, A. (2015) · Housing Studies · doi:10.1080/02673037.2015.1070799 · Cited by 61
US Universities and the Production of the Global Imaginary
Kamola, I. A. (2012) · The British Journal of Politics and International Relations · doi:10.1111/j.1467-856x.2012.00540.x · Cited by 59
Stability and incorporation: Toward a new concept of party system institutionalization
Rodríguez, R. P., & Rosenblatt, F. (2018) · Party Politics · doi:10.1177/1354068818777895 · Cited by 60
“The concept of PSI can be regarded as a subtype of the more general party system concept (Sartori, 1970); the concept of PSI is less abstract than the concept of party system because the former concept contains more attributes, that is, PSI has greater connotation and less extension (denotation).”
Background
Have policy process scholars embraced causal mechanisms? A review of five popular frameworks
van der Heijden, J., Kuhlmann, J., Lindquist, E. A., & WELLSTEAD, A. M. (2019) · Public Policy and Administration · doi:10.1177/0952076718814894 · Cited by 60
“Put simply, ‘causal drivers’ are assumed to lie at the heart of the scientific assumptions underlying these theories (Weible, 2017), yet causation is often claimed or implied, and at best supported by shallow explanations (see also Falleti and Lynch, 2008; Nowlin, 2011; Sartori, 1970).”
Subnational Research in Comparative Politics
Giraudy, A., Moncada, E., & Snyder, R. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108678384.001 · Cited by 60
Is Populism a Political Strategy? A Critique of an Enduring Approach
Rueda, D. (2020) · Political Studies · doi:10.1177/0032321720962355 · Cited by 80
“Be that as it may, the main problem with attaching so much importance to charisma is that we are yet again dealing with a category that cannot be easily measured and thus lacks conceptual suitability.5 Furthermore, since the definition proposed by Weyland is grounded in a South American context (both the case studies…”
Background
Challenges in conceptualizing and measuring meanings and understandings of democracy
Osterberg-Kaufmann, N., Stark, T., & Mohamad-Klotzbach, C. (2020) · Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft · doi:10.1007/s12286-020-00470-5 · Cited by 60
What Are Case Studies Good for? Nesting Comparative Case Study Research Into the Lakatosian Research Program
Vannoni, M. (2014) · Cross-Cultural Research · doi:10.1177/1069397114555844 · Cited by 82
A drunken guest in Europe?
Huber, R. A., & Schimpf, C. H. (2016) · Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft · doi:10.1007/s12286-016-0302-0 · Cited by 61
Roads to the Radical Right
Damhuis, K. (2020) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198863632.001.0001 · Cited by 61
Cognitive warfare: a conceptual analysis of the NATO ACT cognitive warfare exploratory concept
Deppe, C., & Schaal, G. S. (2024) · Frontiers in Big Data · doi:10.3389/fdata.2024.1452129 · Cited by 59
Political Science as a Vocation
Keohane, R. O. (2009) · PS Political Science & Politics · doi:10.1017/s1049096509090489 · Cited by 60
What Is the Leninist Legacy? Assessing Twenty Years of Scholarship
LaPorte, J., & Lussier, D. N. (2011) · Slavic Review · doi:10.5612/slavicreview.70.3.0637 · Cited by 60
Desenvolvimentismo a construção do conceito
Fonseca, P. C. D. (2015) · Editora da UFRGS eBooks · doi:10.7476/9788538603825.0002 · Cited by 58
Institutional Design, Ethnic Conflict Management, and Democracy in Nigeria
Suberu, R. T., & Diamond, L. J. (2002) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/0199246467.003.0015 · Cited by 61
‘Hybrid warfare’ as an academic fashion
Libiseller, C. (2023) · Journal of Strategic Studies · doi:10.1080/01402390.2023.2177987 · Cited by 58
A Two-Level Theory of Presidential Instability
Pérez‐Liñán, A. (2014) · Latin American Politics and Society · doi:10.1111/j.1548-2456.2014.00220.x · Cited by 58
Entrepreneurial Orientation: do we actually know as much as we think we do?
Randerson, K. (2016) · Entrepreneurship and Regional Development · doi:10.1080/08985626.2016.1221230 · Cited by 57
Ballots not Bullets: Testing Consociational Theories of Ethnic Conflict, Electoral Systems, and Democratization
Norris, P. (2002) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/0199246467.003.0009 · Cited by 57
Assessing Data Quality: An Approach and An Application
McMann, K. M., Pemstein, D., Seim, B., Teorell, J., & Lindberg, S. I. (2021) · Political Analysis · doi:10.1017/pan.2021.27 · Cited by 57
“Further,oﬀeringacomprehensiveapproachisahelpfulcomplementtopublicationsthatexam-ine only a single tool (see, e.g., Bollen ; Campbell and Fiske ; Thomas , and Sartori ( )).”
Policy Advocacy Coalitions as Causes of Policy Change in China? Analyzing Evidence from Contemporary Environmental Politics
Han, H., Swedlow, B., & Unger, D. (2014) · Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/13876988.2013.857065 · Cited by 56
Governance as Political Theory
Peters, B. G. (2012) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137092496_2 · Cited by 57
Linking Political Parties and Interest Groups
Heaney, M. T. (2010) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199542628.003.0030 · Cited by 57
Game Theory and Comparative Politics: New Perspectives and Old Concerns
Munck, G. L. (2001) · World Politics · doi:10.1353/wp.2001.0005 · Cited by 57
The Arab middle east and the question of democratization: Some critical remarks
Schlumberger, O. (2000) · Democratization · doi:10.1080/13510340008403686 · Cited by 57
Neopatrimonialism and beyond: reassessing the formal and informal in the study of Central Asian politics
Isaacs, R. (2014) · Contemporary Politics · doi:10.1080/13569775.2014.907989 · Cited by 60
From Process to Mechanism: Varieties of Disaggregation
Falleti, T. G., & Lynch, J. F. (2008) · Qualitative Sociology · doi:10.1007/s11133-008-9102-4 · Cited by 56
Mixed Methods Research in the Study of Political and Social Violence and Conflict
Thaler, K. M. (2015) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689815585196 · Cited by 67
Foreign Policy as the Continuation of Domestic Politics by Other Means: Pathways and Patterns of Populist Politicization
Cadier, D. (2023) · Foreign Policy Analysis · doi:10.1093/fpa/orad035 · Cited by 56
Advancing the resource nexus concept for research and practice
Brouwer, F., Caucci, S., Karthe, D., Kirschke, S., Madani, K. M., Mueller, A., Zhang, L., & Guenther, E. (2024) · Sustainability Nexus Forum · doi:10.1007/s00550-024-00533-1 · Cited by 56
“Variance is a challenge as “ the more we have resorted to conceptual stretching, or conceptual straining, i.e., to vague, amorphous conceptualizations […] and would produce indefiniteness and elusiveness ” (Sartori 1970).”
Influential
Transcending the Confines of Economic and Political Organization? The Misguided Metaphor of Corporate Citizenship
van Oosterhout, J. (2008) · Business Ethics Quarterly · doi:10.5840/beq20081813 · Cited by 56
Preparedness: Unpacking and clarifying the concept
Staupe‐Delgado, R., & Kruke, B. I. (2017) · Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management · doi:10.1111/1468-5973.12175 · Cited by 69
Coups d'État in Africa: A Political Economy Approach
O’Kane, R. H. T. (1993) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343393030003002 · Cited by 56
Formalizing and Testing Duverger's Theories on Political Parties
Janda, K., & King, D. S. (1985) · Comparative Political Studies · doi:10.1177/0010414085018002001 · Cited by 55
Accountability: the core concept and its subtypes
Lindberg, S. I. (2009) · Cited by 55
Voices of the Peoples: Populism in Europe and Latin America Compared
Kaltwasser, C. R., & Mudde, C. (2011) · Figshare · Cited by 54
What Types of Novelty Are Most Disruptive?
Leahey, E., Lee, J., & Funk, R. J. (2023) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/00031224231168074 · Cited by 66
“Theories and their concepts can be stretched (Sartori 1970) and broadened to fit new focal areas, geographic regions, and research questions; new theories are not only adopted but also adapted (Keuchenius et al. 2021).”
Background
La socialdemocracia criolla
Lanzaro, J. L. (2008) · Nueva sociedad · Cited by 53
Policy entrepreneurship in climate governance: Toward a comparative approach
Green, J. (2017) · Environment and Planning C Politics and Space · doi:10.1177/2399654417735905 · Cited by 55
“The challenge, then, is to develop categories with a high degree of ‘‘discriminating power’’, to reduce the ‘‘misgathering’’ of information (Sartori, 1970: 1039).”
BackgroundInfluential
Process tracing. Inducción, deducción e inferencia causal
Bril-Mascarenhas, T., Maillet, A., & Mayaux, P. (2017) · Revista de ciencia política · doi:10.4067/s0718-090x2017000300659 · Cited by 53
“…“pocos” casos —típicamente, entre dos y seis— permitiendo así “controlar” o “mantener constantes” variables que adoptaban un valor semejante entre los casos, a fin de poner nuestro foco analítico y empírico en aquellas en las que los casos diferían (Przeworski y Teune 1970; Sartori 1970).”
Background
Triangulation in Social Movement Research
Ayoub, P. M., Wallace, S. J., & Zepeda‐Millán, C. (2014) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198719571.003.0004 · Cited by 53
Post-Soviet Transitions and Democratization: Towards Theory-Building
Гельман, В. (2003) · Democratization · doi:10.1080/714000120 · Cited by 53
When News Matters: Media Effects on Public Support for European Union Enlargement in 21 Countries
Azrout, R., van Spanje, J., & de Vreese, C. H. (2012) · JCMS Journal of Common Market Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1468-5965.2012.02255.x · Cited by 58
South Africa, Settler Colonialism and the Failures of Liberal Democracy
Reddy, T. (2015) · Zed Books · doi:10.5040/9781350222694 · Cited by 56
What is a career politician? Theories, concepts, and measures
Allen, N. J., Magni, G., Searing, D. D., & Warncke, P. (2020) · European Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s1755773920000077 · Cited by 56
Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Abusive Language Online
(2019) · doi:10.18653/v1/w19-35 · Cited by 52
What are neural correlates neural correlates of?
Abend, G. (2017) · BioSocieties · doi:10.1057/s41292-016-0019-y · Cited by 51
What is esports? A systematic scoping review and concept analysis of esports
Tang, D., Sum, R. K. W., Li, M., Ma, R., Chung, P., & Ho, W.-K. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23248 · Cited by 51
“To provide more clarity on the variations of the concept of esports, based on the above results that different attributes belong to esports at different levels, we applied Sartori ’ s “ ladder of abstraction ” to interpret the concept [100].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Three bodies of moral economy: the diffusion of a concept
Siméant, J. (2015) · Journal of Global Ethics · doi:10.1080/17449626.2015.1054559 · Cited by 51
The political and partisan determinants of patronage in Latin America 1960–1994: A comparative perspective
Gordín, J. P. (2002) · European Journal of Political Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6765.00021 · Cited by 48
Country-specific or convergent? A typology of immigrant policies in Western Europe
Mahnig, H., & Wimmer, A. W. (2000) · Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l integration et de la migration internationale · doi:10.1007/s12134-000-1001-9 · Cited by 51
The Role of Environment in Sustainable Entrepreneurial Orientation. The Case of Family Firms
Hernández‐Perlines, F., & Cisneros, M. A. I. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10062037 · Cited by 55
Political parties, diminished subtypes, and democracy
Luna, J. P., Rodríguez, R. P., Rosenblatt, F., & Vommaro, G. (2020) · Party Politics · doi:10.1177/1354068820923723 · Cited by 51
“A political party is, then, an electoral vehicle subtype, that is, a more intense and less extended concept (Sartori, 1970): It coordinates the activities of ambitious politicians (during campaigns and between elections) and vertically aggregates collective interests.”
Background
Emerging varieties of incorporated capitalism. Theoretical considerations and empirical evidence
Buhr, D., & Frankenberger, R. (2014) · Business and Politics · doi:10.1515/bap-2013-0020 · Cited by 50
Rival Strategies of Validation
Seawright, J., & Collier, D. (2013) · Comparative Political Studies · doi:10.1177/0010414013489098 · Cited by 52
Reluctance in international politics: A conceptualization
Destradi, S. (2016) · European Journal of International Relations · doi:10.1177/1354066116653665 · Cited by 50
‘Stretched But Not Snapped’: A Response to Russell and Serban on Retiring the ‘Westminster Model’
Flinders, M. V., Judge, D., Rhodes, R. A. W., & Vatter, A. (2021) · Government and Opposition · doi:10.1017/gov.2021.19 · Cited by 50
Neither balance nor bandwagon: South American international society meets Brazil’s rising power
Merke, F. (2014) · International Politics · doi:10.1057/ip.2014.49 · Cited by 50
A Missing Operationalization: Entrepreneurial Competencies in Multinational Enterprise Subsidiaries
Dimitratos, P., Liouka, I., & Young, S. (2013) · Long Range Planning · doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2013.10.004 · Cited by 50
Designing for policy effectiveness : defining and understanding a concept
Peters, B. G., Capano, G., Howlett, M. P., Mukherjee, I., Chou, M., & Ravinet, P. (2018) · DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) · Cited by 50
A Framework for Understanding Regime Transformation: Introducing the ERT DatasetPreprint
Maerz, S. F., Edgell, A. B., Wilson, M., Hellmeier, S., & Lindberg, S. I. I. (2021) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3781485 · Cited by 32
“…essence, the transitologist approach treats regimes taxonomically by dichotomizing them and the incrementalist approach treats regimes as a single class of phenomenon whose attributes can be quantified along a unidimensional continuum4, akin to differences in kind vs. degree (Sartori, 1970).”
Background
The Landscape of Political Violence
Kalyvas, S. N. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732914.013.1 · Cited by 49
A matter of perspective: Conceptualizing the role of citizens in E-government based on value positions
Distel, B., & Lindgren, I. (2023) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2023.101837 · Cited by 61
Foundations and Applications for Contractualist Business Ethics
Heugens, P. P. M. A. R., van Oosterhout, J., & Kaptein, M. (2006) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-006-9011-y · Cited by 49
No law without a state
Charron, N., Dahlström, C., & Lapuente, V. (2012) · Journal of Comparative Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jce.2011.12.004 · Cited by 50
Policy Transfer Research: Still Evolving, Not Yet Through?
Benson, D., & Jordan, A. (2012) · Political Studies Review · doi:10.1111/j.1478-9302.2012.00273.x · Cited by 49
Dynamic dictators: improving the research agenda on autocratization and authoritarian resilience
Sinkkonen, E. (2021) · Democratization · doi:10.1080/13510347.2021.1903881 · Cited by 49
Liberalism, democracy and development
Chan, S. (2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.40-6045 · Cited by 49
The cultural journalist around the globe: A comparative study of characteristics, role perceptions, and perceived influences
Hovden, J. F., & Kristensen, N. N. (2018) · Journalism · doi:10.1177/1464884918791224 · Cited by 48
“As noted by Sartori (1970), however, this also increases the problem of conceptual stretching, that is, that our categories will be applied much more heterogeneously than in a traditional single-country study.”
Background
The Concept of Democracy
Cappelen, H. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198886518.001.0001 · Cited by 48
Resilient Characteristics as Described in Empirical Studies on Health Care
Berg, S. H., & Aase, K. (2018) · SpringerBriefs in applied sciences and technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03189-3_10 · Cited by 48
European Union and Health Policy: The “Chaordic” Dynamics of Integration*
Lamping, W., & Steffen, M. (2009) · Social Science Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2009.00659.x · Cited by 48
Comparative Politics and Human Rights
Landman, T. (2002) · Human Rights Quarterly · doi:10.1353/hrq.2002.0050 · Cited by 48
Aleksandr Dugin's Neo‐Eurasianism: The New Right à la Russe 1
Шеховцов, А. (2009) · Religion Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1749-8171.2009.00158.x · Cited by 47
Collaborative comparisons: A pragmatist approach towards designing large-scale, comparative qualitative research
Wagenaar, H., Kieslich, K., Hangel, N., Zimmermann, B. M., & Prainsack, B. (2022) · SSM - Qualitative Research in Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmqr.2022.100172 · Cited by 47
Making Sense of Competitive Authoritarianism: Lessons from the Andes
Cameron, M. A. (2018) · Latin American Politics and Society · doi:10.1017/lap.2018.3 · Cited by 47
“A distinctive feature of qualitative research is a strong focus on concepts—the building blocks of theory (Goertz 2006; Sartori 1970, 1991; Collier and Levitsky 1997, 2009).”
The invisible college of cluster research: a bibliometric core–periphery analysis of the literature
Sedita, S. R., Caloffi, A., & Lazzeretti, L. (2018) · Industry and Innovation · doi:10.1080/13662716.2018.1538872 · Cited by 49
“Nevertheless, approximately 50 years ago, Sartori (1970) pointed out problems related to ‘conceptual stretching,’ and since then, fuzziness seems to have become a property that characterises numerous concepts that are used in social science.”
Background
Saward’s Concept of the Representative Claim Revisited: An Empirical Perspective
Guasti, P., & Geißel, B. (2019) · Politics and Governance · doi:10.17645/pag.v7i3.2103 · Cited by 50
“We tried to develop a parsimonious typology that can be applied to various empirical contexts (Sartori, 1970).”
Method
Elusive Democracy
Guang, L. (1996) · Modern China · doi:10.1177/009770049602200403 · Cited by 47
Designing Electoral Rules and Waiting for an Electoral System to Evolve
Taagepera, R. (2002) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/0199246467.003.0010 · Cited by 44
The Ulysses Principle: A Criterial Framework for Reducing Bias When Enlisting the Work of Historians
Møller, J. Ø., & Skaaning, S. (2018) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124118769107 · Cited by 47
‘Proxy War’ - A Reconceptualisation
Rauta, V. (2021) · Civil Wars · doi:10.1080/13698249.2021.1860578 · Cited by 46
“Because concept analysis has not capitalised on ‘semantic field’ the same way it has done with notions such as ‘ladder of abstraction’ or the ‘extensionintension’ binary (Sartori 1970), I re-introduce it as a heuristic to identify a root concept for the notion of ‘proxy wars’.”
Background
Comparing university organizations across boundaries
Bleiklie, I. (2013) · Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10734-013-9683-z · Cited by 46
(Re-)Assessing Career Patterns in Multi-Level Systems: Insights from Wallonia in Belgium
Dodeigne, J. (2014) · Regional & Federal Studies · doi:10.1080/13597566.2013.865605 · Cited by 47
Anglo-American Primacy and the Global Spread of Democracy: An International Genealogy
Narizny, K. (2012) · World Politics · doi:10.1017/s004388711200007x · Cited by 48
Behind the concepts of multiliteracies and media literacy in the renewed Finnish core curriculum: A systematic literature review of peer-reviewed research
Palsa, L., & Ruokamo, H. (2015) · Seminar net · doi:10.7577/seminar.2354 · Cited by 46
Criminalising the john – a Swedish gender model?
Svanström, Y. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489044.013 · Cited by 46
LA POLITICA COMPARATA: PREMESSE E PROBLEMI
Sartori, G. (1971) · Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica · doi:10.1017/s0048840200000022 · Cited by 46
Self-citation
African Political Systems
Berg‐Schlosser, D. (1984) · Comparative Political Studies · doi:10.1177/0010414084017001004 · Cited by 46
Review section Edited by Thomas Christiansen
(2004) · Journal of European Public Policy · doi:10.1080/1350176042000194476 · Cited by 46
Is the Brazilian State “Patrimonial”?
Pereira, A. W. (2016) · Latin American Perspectives · doi:10.1177/0094582x15616119 · Cited by 46
The subnational method and social policy provision: socioeconomic context, political institutions and spatial inequality
Rodrigues-Silveira, R. (2013) · doi:10.17169/refubium-23277 · Cited by 45
Interest Groups, NGOs or Civil Society Organisations? The Framing of Non-State Actors in the EU
Schoenefeld, J. J. (2020) · VOLUNTAS International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations · doi:10.1007/s11266-020-00283-w · Cited by 45
“Clear concepts are also a precondition for fruitful empirical explorations (see Baroni et al. 2014; Sartori 1970).”
Democracy, Interpretation, and the “Problem” of Conceptual Ambiguity: Reflections on the V-Dem Project’s Struggles with Operationalizing Deliberative Democracy
Boswell, J., & Corbett, J. (2021) · Polity · doi:10.1086/713173 · Cited by 46
The design of transformative research and innovation policy instruments for grand challenges: The policy-nesting perspective
Borrás, S., & Serger, S. S. (2022) · Science and Public Policy · doi:10.1093/scipol/scac017 · Cited by 45
Methoden der Vergleichenden Politikwissenschaft
Lauth, H., & Winkler, J. R. (2002) · VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-322-95624-8_2 · Cited by 45
Toward cultural analysis in policy analysis: Picking up where Aaron Wildavsky left off
Swedlow, B. (2002) · Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/13876980208412683 · Cited by 45

Authors: Sartori, G.
Affiliations: University of Florence (IT)
Corresponding author: Sartori, Giovanni
Venue: American Political Science Review
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 1970-12
Volume: 64
Issue: 4
Pages: 1033-1053
ISSN: 0003-0554 (ISSN-L)
1537-5943
DOI: 10.2307/1958356
OpenAlex: W2009952390
Cited by: 3,318
References: 42
Citations by year: 2026: 182 · 2025: 248 · 2024: 212 · 2023: 225 · 2022: 182 · 2021: 213 · 2020: 189 · 2019: 190 · 2018: 184 · 2017: 112 · 2016: 94 · 2015: 131 · 2014: 125 · 2013: 126 · 2012: 107
FWCI: 138.50
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 15949 d)
Locations: American Political Science Review (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Political Science Research and Education
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research
Social Sciences › General Social Sciences › Social Science and Policy Research
Keywords: comparative politics, political science methodology, theory and method, unconscious thinking, survey techniques, social statistics

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Concept Misformation in Comparative Politics

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks