The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Black and White in School: Trust, Tension, or Tolerance?
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
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Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Pettigrew, T. F. (1998) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.65 · Cited by 6,001
Cacioppo, J. T., & Berntson, G. G. (1994) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.115.3.401 · Cited by 1,882
Quantifying Qualitative Analyses of Verbal Data: A Practical Guide
Chi, M. T. H. (1997) · Journal of the Learning Sciences · doi:10.1207/s15327809jls0603_1 · Cited by 1,764
The impact of multiculturalism versus color-blindness on racial bias
Richeson, J. A., & Nussbaum, R. J. (2004) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2003.09.002 · Cited by 562
Children's developmental understanding of ethnicity and race
Quintana, S. M. (1998) · Applied and Preventive Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0962-1849(98)80020-6 · Cited by 411
Metadata
- Authors
- Grant, L., & Schofield, J. W.
- Venue
- Contemporary Sociology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1983-11
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 677
- ISSN
- 0094-3061 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2079469412
- Cited by
- 195
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 25.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Black and White in School: Trust, Tension, or Tolerance? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/2068050
- The paper
- Grant, L., & Schofield, J. W. (1983). Black and White in School: Trust, Tension, or Tolerance? Contemporary Sociology. https://doi.org/10.2307/2068050
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
