The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dynamic Representation
Abstract
If public opinion changes and then public policy responds, this is dynamic representation. Public opinion is the global policy preference of the American electorate. Policy is a diverse set of acts of elected and unelected officials. Two mechanisms of policy responsiveness are (1) elections change the government's political composition, which is then reflected in new policy and (2) policymakers calculate future (mainly electoral) implications of current public views and act accordingly (rational anticipation). We develop multiple indicators of policy activity for the House, Senate, presidency, and Supreme Court, then model policy liberalism as a joint function of the two mechanisms. For each institution separately, and also in a global analysis of “government as a whole,” we find that policy responds dynamically to public opinion change. This responsiveness varies by institution, both in level and in mechanism, as would be expected from constitutional design.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Co-integration and error correction: representation, estimation and testing
Engle, R. F., & Granger, C. W. J. (1987) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1913236 · Cited by 32,007
Effects of Public Opinion on Policy
Page, B. I., & Shapiro, R. Y. (1983) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1956018 · Cited by 1,778
The Rational Public: Fifty Years of Trends in Americans' Policy Preferences
Page, B. I., & Shapiro, R. Y. (1992) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226644806.001.0001 · Cited by 1,680
Davidson, J. E. H., Hendry, D. F., Srba, F., & Yeo, S. (1978) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2231972 · Cited by 1,628
The public as thermostat: dynamics of preferences for spending
Wlezien, C. (1995) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2111666 · Cited by 1,154
Congruence between Citizens and Policymakers in Two Visions of Liberal Democracy
Huber, J. D., & Powell, G. B. (1994) · World Politics · doi:10.2307/2950684 · Cited by 680
The Etiology of Public Support for the Supreme Court
Caldeira, G. A., & Gibson, J. L. (1992) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2111585 · Cited by 650
Watson, M. W., & Engle, R. F. (1983) · Journal of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/0304-4076(83)90066-0 · Cited by 468
Constituency Opinion and Congressional Policy Making: The Reagan Defense Buildup
Bartels, L. M. (1991) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1963169 · Cited by 462
MacKuen, M. B., Erikson, R. S., & Stimson, J. A. (1989) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1961661 · Cited by 348
Self-citation
Cited by
Testing Theories of American Politics: Elites, Interest Groups, and Average Citizens
Gilens, M., & Page, B. I. (2014) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s1537592714001595 · Cited by 2,700
How economic, humanitarian, and religious concerns shape European attitudes toward asylum seekers
Bansak, K., Hainmueller, J., & Hangartner, D. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aag2147 · Cited by 811
How to analyze political attention with minimal assumptions and costs
Quinn, K. M., Monroe, B. L., Colaresi, M., Crespin, M. H., & Radev, D. R. (2010) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00427.x · Cited by 671
A “Selection Model” of Political Representation*
Mansbridge, J. (2009) · Journal of Political Philosophy · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9760.2009.00337.x · Cited by 563
Leapfrog Representation and Extremism: A Study of American Voters and Their Members in Congress
BAFUMI, J., & HERRON, M. C. (2010) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055410000316 · Cited by 545
Metadata
- Authors
- Stimson, J. A., Mackuen, M. B., & Erikson, R. S.
- Venue
- American Political Science Review
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1995-09
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 543-565
- ISSN
- 0003-0554 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5943
- OpenAlex
- W4245566519
- Cited by
- 1,316
- References
- 19
- FWCI
- 46.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Dynamic Representation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/2082973
- The paper
- Stimson, J. A., Mackuen, M. B., & Erikson, R. S. (1995). Dynamic Representation. American Political Science Review. https://doi.org/10.2307/2082973
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.