A “Selection Model” of Political Representation*
Abstract
Citizen demands for more accountability and transparency are implicitly grounded in a model of political representation based primarily on sanctions, in which the interests of the representative (in economic terms, the agent) are presumed to conflict with those of the constituent (in economic terms, the principal). A selection model of political representation, as with a selection model of principal-agent relations more generally, is possible when the principal and agent have similar objectives and the agent is already internally motivated to pursue those objectives. If a potential representative’s intrinsic goals (overall direction and specific policies) are those the constituent desires and if the representative also has a verifiable reputation of being both competent and honest, a constituent can select that representative for office and subsequently spend relatively little effort on monitoring and sanctioning. The higher the probability that the objectives of principal and agent may be aligned, the more efficient it is for the principal to invest resources ex ante, in selecting the required type, rather than ex post, in monitoring and sanctioning. A selection model is efficient when agents face unpredictable future decisions, are hard to monitor, and must act flexibly. Accountability through monitoring and sanctioning is appropriate to the sanctions model, narrative accountability and deliberative accountability to the selection model. Normatively, the selection model tends to focus the attention of both citizens and representatives on the common interest. In political science the selection model was advanced in the early 1960s as one of the two paths to constituency control, but after the 1970s was eclipsed by the sanctions model in spite of data seeming to indicate that in many circumstances it has greater predictive power. Economists have only recently begun to apply the selection model significantly to politics.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In front of an audience, it may be difficult to change an opinion, present dissenting opinions, or ask necessary but seemingly stupid questions.
“In front of an audience, it may be difficult to change an opinion (even with a good argument), present dissenting opinions, or ask necessary but seemingly”
From Artificial intelligence, transparency, and public decision-making: Why explanations are key when trying to produce perceived legitimacy (2020) · cites this paper as Mansbridge 2009
These qualities can increase both quality and efficiency in decision-making.
“These qualities can increase both quality and efficiency in decision-making (Mansbridge 2009).”
From Artificial intelligence, transparency, and public decision-making: Why explanations are key when trying to produce perceived legitimacy (2020) · cites this paper as Mansbridge 2009
Cites
Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7 · Cited by 26,772 · see citing works
The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life.
Naegele, K. D., & Goffman, E. (1956) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2089106 · Cited by 26,021 · see citing works
An Economic Theory of Democracy.
Banfield, E. C., & Downs, A. J. (1958) · Midwest Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2109186 · Cited by 18,551 · see citing works
Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (1999) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.627 · Cited by 7,176 · see citing works
What Americans Know about Politics and Why It Matters
Carpini, M. X. D., & Keeter, S. (1996) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2655098 · Cited by 4,864 · see citing works
McGregor, D. (1985) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-054752-4.50008-7 · Cited by 4,852 · see citing works
Congress: The Electoral Connection, by David R. Mayhew
Page, B. I. (1975) · Political Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2148248 · Cited by 3,141 · see citing works
Passions within reason: the strategic role of the emotions
(1989) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.26-4535 · Cited by 2,971 · see citing works
Congressional Oversight Overlooked: Police Patrols versus Fire Alarms
McCubbins, M. D., & Schwartz, T. (1984) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2110792 · Cited by 2,936 · see citing works
The altruism question: toward a social-psychological answer
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-4797 · Cited by 2,401 · see citing works
The Principles of Representative Government
Manin, B. (1997) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511659935 · Cited by 2,349 · see citing works
Constituency Influence in Congress
Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. (1963) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1952717 · Cited by 2,333 · see citing works
Incumbent performance and electoral control
Ferejohn, J. (1986) · Public Choice · doi:10.1007/bf00124924 · Cited by 2,253 · see citing works
The Theory of Incentives: The Principal-Agent Model
Laffont, J., & Martimort, D. (2001) · Toulouse 1 Capitole Publications (Université Toulouse I Capitole) · Cited by 2,056 · see citing works
Mansbridge, J. J. (1980) · Cited by 1,910 · see citing works
Self-citationPopkin, S. L. (1991) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226772875.001.0001 · Cited by 1,886 · see citing works
Mansbridge, J. J. (2003) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055403000856 · Cited by 1,828 · see citing works
Self-citationCorruption and Political Development: A Cost-Benefit Analysis
Nye, J. S. (1967) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1953254 · Cited by 1,729 · see citing works
An Economic Model of Representative Democracy
Besley, T., & Coate, S. (1997) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/003355397555136 · Cited by 1,710 · see citing works
Hearing the Other Side: Deliberative versus Participatory Democracy
Mutz, D. C. (2006) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511617201 · Cited by 1,687 · see citing works
Levi, M. (2019) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/9780520909540 · Cited by 1,671 · see citing works
The control of politicians: An economic model
Barro, R. J. (1973) · Public Choice · doi:10.1007/bf01718440 · Cited by 1,614 · see citing works
Saward, M. (2006) · Contemporary Political Theory · doi:10.1057/palgrave.cpt.9300234 · Cited by 1,471 · see citing works
Competition and Incentives with Motivated Agents
Besley, T. J., & Ghatak, M. (2005) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/0002828054201413 · Cited by 1,406 · see citing works
Weisbrod, B. A. (1988) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv1pwnsdr · Cited by 1,371 · see citing works
Eliasoph, N. (1998) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511583391 · Cited by 1,336 · see citing works
Stimson, J. A., MacKuen, M., & Erikson, R. S. (1995) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/2082973 · Cited by 1,331 · see citing works
Incentives and Organizations in the Public Sector: An Interpretative Review
Dixit, A. K. (2002) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.2307/3069614 · Cited by 1,104 · see citing works
Political Institutions: The Neglected Side of the Story
Moe, T. M. (1990) · The Journal of Law Economics and Organization · doi:10.1093/jleo/6.special_issue.213 · Cited by 1,065 · see citing works
Fearon, J. D. (1999) · Democracy, Accountability, and Representation · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139175104.003 · Cited by 992 · see citing works
Miller, D. T. (1999) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.54.12.1053 · Cited by 905 · see citing works
Congressmen's Voting Decisions
Haston, B. M., & Kingdon, J. W. (1974) · The Western Political Quarterly · doi:10.2307/447700 · Cited by 901 · see citing works
Shapiro, S. P. (2005) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.31.041304.122159 · Cited by 777 · see citing works
Do Voters Affect or Elect Policies? Evidence from the U. S. House
Lee, D. S., Moretti, E., & Butler, M. J. (2004) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/0033553041502153 · Cited by 772 · see citing works
Principled Agents?: The Political Economy of Good GovernmentPreprint
Besley, T. J. (2006) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Rethinking Democratic Accountability
Behn, R. D. (2001) · Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) · Cited by 738 · see citing works
(2002) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 733 · see citing works
A Constitution for Knaves Crowds out Civic Virtues
Frey, B. S. (1997) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.1997.tb00006.x · Cited by 655 · see citing works
Deliberation and Constitution Making
Elster, J. (1998) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139175005.006 · Cited by 573 · see citing works
Deliberative Politics in Action
Steiner, J., Bächtiger, A., Spörndli, M., & Steenbergen, M. R. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511491153 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Designing Deliberative Democracy
(2008) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511491177 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Administrative Responsibility in Democratic Government
Finer, H. (1941) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.2307/972907 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Administrative Responsibility in Democratic Government
Finer, H. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429501555-2 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Gay, C. (2002) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/3088429 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
The Incumbency Advantage in U.S. Elections: An Analysis of State and Federal Offices, 1942–2000
Ansolabehere, S. D., & Snyder, J. M. (2002) · Election Law Journal Rules Politics and Policy · doi:10.1089/153312902760137578 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Deliberative Politics in Action: Analyzing Parliamentary Discourse
(2005) · Cited by 396 · see citing works
More order with less law: On contract enforcement, trust and crowding
Bohnet, I., Frey, B. S., & Huck, S. (2001) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055401000211 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Besley, T. J. (2005) · The Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/089533005774357761 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Behind Closed Doors: Publicity, Secrecy, and the Quality of Deliberation
Chambers, S. (2004) · Journal of Political Philosophy · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9760.2004.00206.x · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Bianco, W. T. (1994) · University of Michigan Press eBooks · doi:10.3998/mpub.14057 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Paying Politicians: Theory and Evidence
Besley, T. J. (2004) · Journal of the European Economic Association · doi:10.1162/154247604323067925 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Cox, G. W., & Katz, J. N. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511606212 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
It takes a candidate: why women don't run for office
(2006) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.43-4322 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Signaling Character in Electoral Competition
Kartik, N., & McAfee, R. P. (2007) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.97.3.852 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Assessing the Importance of Tiebout Sorting: Local Heterogeneity from 1850 to 1990
Rhode, P. W., & Strumpf, K. (2003) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/000282803322655482 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Lawless, J. L., & Fox, R. L. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511790898 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
European Governance and Civic Participation: Beyond Elitist Citizenship?
Magnette, P. (2003) · Political Studies · doi:10.1111/1467-9248.00417 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Storing, H. J. (1981) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226775760.001.0001 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Severing the Electoral Connection: Shirking in the Contemporary Congress
Rothenberg, L. S., & Sanders, M. S. (2000) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2669313 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Political theory and public policy
Goodin, R. E. (1982) · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Legislator voting and shirking: A critical review of the literature
Bender, B., & Lott, J. R. (1996) · Public Choice · doi:10.1007/bf00151730 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Electoral Systems: A Primer for Decision Makers
Horowitz, D. L. (2003) · Journal of democracy · doi:10.1353/jod.2003.0078 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Transparency and Democratic Legitimacy
Lodge, J. (1994) · JCMS Journal of Common Market Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1468-5965.1994.tb00502.x · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Poisoning the Minds of the Lower Orders
Herzog, D. (1998) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9780691228372 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Democratic Accountability: The Distinctiveness of the Third Sector
Goodin, R. E. (2003) · European Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1017/s0003975603001322 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Lott, J. R. (1987) · Public Choice · doi:10.1007/bf00123875 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Buel, R., & Storing, H. J. (1982) · The Journal of Southern History · doi:10.2307/2207858 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Transparency and Democratic Legitimacy
Lodge, J. (1994) · JCMS Journal of Common Market Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1468-5965.1994.tb00501.x · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Can money enhance intrinsic motivation? A test of the content-consequence hypothesis.
Kruglanski, A. W., Riter, A., Amitai, A., Margolin, B.-S., Shabtai, L., & Zaksh, D. (1975) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.31.4.744 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Gerrymandering and Political Cartels
Issacharoff, S. (2002) · Harvard Law Review · doi:10.2307/1342611 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Political Ambitions, Volunteerism, and Electoral Accountability
Prewitt, K. (1970) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1955609 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Poisoning the Minds of the Lower Orders
Levin, M. E., & Herzog, D. (2000) · The American Historical Review · doi:10.2307/2652570 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Mansbridge, J. J. (1999) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511659959.010 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationElections, Representation, and Congressional Voting Behavior: The Myth of Constituency Control
Bernstein, R. A. (1989) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Goodin, R. E. (1980) · Policy Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf00135935 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
American State Politics: An Introduction
Key, M. (1983) · Cited by 72 · see citing works
The blue guitar: political representation and community
(1989) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.26-5323 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Competition, Representation and Redistricting
Buchler, J. (2005) · Journal of Theoretical Politics · doi:10.1177/0951629805056896 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
The Coevolution of American Political Science and the American Political Science Review
Sigelman, L. (2006) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055406060333 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Candidate Evaluations by Men and Women
Shabad, G., & Andersen, K. (1979) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1086/268488 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Brunell, T. L. (2006) · PS Political Science & Politics · doi:10.1017/s1049096506060173 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Persily, N. (2002) · Harvard Law Review · doi:10.2307/1342612 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Selection and the Currency of Reward
Brennan, G. (1996) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511558320.011 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Persily, N. (2002) · Harvard Law Review · doi:10.7916/d89313pf · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The Public Service Ethos: Decline and Renewal?
Carr, F. (1999) · Public Policy and Administration · doi:10.1177/095207679901400401 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Issacharoff, S. (2002) · Harvard Law Review · doi:10.2307/1342613 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Naurin, D. (2004) · doi:10.4324/9780203463109-16 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Erikson, R. S. (2006) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055406262567 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Concept of Representation in Contemporary Democratic Theory
Urbinati, N., & Warren, M. E. (2008) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.053006.190533 · Cited by 956 · see citing works
On the people's terms: a republican theory and model of democracy
(2013) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.51-1150 · Cited by 748 · see citing works
Bächtiger, A., Niemeyer, S., Neblo, M. A., Steenbergen, M. R., & Steiner, J. (2009) · Journal of Political Philosophy · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9760.2009.00342.x · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Transparency is not Enough: Making Transparency Effective in Reducing Corruption
Lindstedt, C., & Naurin, D. (2010) · International Political Science Review · doi:10.1177/0192512110377602 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Rehfeld, A. (2009) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055409090261 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Broockman, D. (2013) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/ajps.12018 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Democratizing Global Climate Governance
Stevenson, H., & Dryzek, J. S. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139208628 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
de Fine Licht, K., & de Fine Licht, J. (2020) · AI & SOCIETY · doi:10.1007/s00146-020-00960-w · Cited by 334 · see citing works
“Our definition of transparency arguably allows for a wide range of combinations of A, B, C, and M. Inspired by Mansbridge (2009), we argue that in relation to transparency in public decision-making, a distinction can be made between transparency that (1) informs C (e.g., the public) about final…”
BackgroundInfluentialGlobal democracy and earth system governance
Dryzek, J. S., & Stevenson, H. (2011) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.01.021 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Conspiracy Theories and the People Who Believe Them
(2018) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190844073.001.0001 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Clarifying the Concept of Representation
Mansbridge, J. J. (2011) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055411000189 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Self-citationLafont, C. (2019) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198848189.001.0001 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Can Deliberative Minipublics Address the Cognitive Challenges of Democratic Citizenship?
Warren, M. E., & Gastil, J. (2015) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1086/680078 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
When Does Transparency Generate Legitimacy? Experimenting on a Context‐Bound Relationship
Licht, J. D. F., Naurin, D., Esaiasson, P., & Gilljam, M. (2012) · Governance · doi:10.1111/gove.12021 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
The Democratic Legitimacy of Self-Appointed Representatives
Montanaro, L. (2012) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1017/s0022381612000515 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Two trust-based uses of minipublics in democratic systems
MacKenzie, M. K., & Warren, M. E. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139178914.006 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Lefkofridi, Z., Wagner, M., & Willmann, J. E. (2013) · West European Politics · doi:10.1080/01402382.2013.818354 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
The Incumbency Curse: Weak Parties, Term Limits, and Unfulfilled Accountability
Klašnja, M., & Titiunik, R. (2017) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055416000575 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Voting with your feet: Exit-based empowerment in democratic theory
WARREN, M. E. (2011) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055411000323 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Accetti, C. I., & Wolkenstein, F. (2017) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055416000526 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Behavioral Public Choice: A Survey
Schnellenbach, J., & Schubert, C. (2014) · European Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2015.05.002 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Feminist Democratic Representation
Celis, K., & Childs, S. (2020) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190087722.001.0001 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Policy Area as a Potential Moderator of Transparency Effects: An Experiment
de Fine Licht, J. (2014) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.12194 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Systemic Representation: Democracy, Deliberation, and Nonelectoral Representatives
Kuyper, J. W. (2016) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055416000095 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
A Deliberative Model of Intra‐Party Democracy
Wolkenstein, F. (2015) · Journal of Political Philosophy · doi:10.1111/jopp.12064 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Saward, M. (2014) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055414000471 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Reh, C. (2014) · Journal of European Public Policy · doi:10.1080/13501763.2014.910247 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Bailer, S., Breunig, C., Giger, N., & Wüst, A. M. (2021) · British Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1017/s0007123420000642 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
The Concepts of Representation
Rehfeld, A. (2011) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055411000190 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Licht, J. D. F. (2011) · Scandinavian Political Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9477.2011.00268.x · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Representative Democracy as Defensible Epistocracy
Landa, D., & Pevnick, R. (2019) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055419000509 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
The Democratic Effect of Direct Democracy
Leemann, L., & Wasserfallen, F. (2016) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055416000307 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Global Civil Society: The Progress of Post-Westphalian Politics
Dryzek, J. S. (2012) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-042010-164946 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
The Legislative Legacy of Congressional Campaigns
Sulkin, T. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511973734 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Republicanism and the political economy of democracy
Casassas, D., & Wispelaere, J. D. (2015) · European Journal of Social Theory · doi:10.1177/1368431015600026 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Lafont, C. (2017) · Daedalus · doi:10.1162/daed_a_00449 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Can Transparency Foster More Understanding and Compliant Citizens?
Porumbescu, G. A., Lindeman, M. I. H., Ceka, E., & Cucciniello, M. (2017) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.12790 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
What Is Political Science For?
Mansbridge, J. J. (2014) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s153759271300368x · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationTransparency actually: how transparency affects public perceptions of political decision-making
Licht, J. D. F. (2013) · European Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s1755773913000131 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Should Workers Represent Workers?
Mansbridge, J. J. (2015) · Swiss Political Science Review · doi:10.1111/spsr.12160 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationAccountability and Information in Elections
Ashworth, S., de Mesquita, E. B., & Friedenberg, A. (2017) · American Economic Journal Microeconomics · doi:10.1257/mic.20150349 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Grimmelikhuijsen, S., Herkes, F., Leistikow, I. P., Verkroost, J., de Vries, F., & Zijlstra, W. G. (2019) · Regulation & Governance · doi:10.1111/rego.12278 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Drawing Your Senator from a Jar:Term Length and Legislative Behavior
Titiunik, R. (2015) · Political Science Research and Methods · doi:10.1017/psrm.2015.20 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Matching voters to parties: Voting advice applications and models of party choice
Wagner, M., & Ruusuvirta-Uuksulainen, O. (2011) · Acta Politica · doi:10.1057/ap.2011.29 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Wirth, W., Esser, F., Wettstein, M., Engesser, S., Wirz, D. S., Schulz, A. M., Ernst, N., Büchel, F., Caramani, D., Manucci, L., et al. (2016) · MADOC (University of Mannheim) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.20358.37440 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Democracy, the Market, and the Logic of Social Choice
DeCanio, S. (2013) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/ajps.12072 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Porumbescu, G. A., Bellè, N., Cucciniello, M., & Nasi, G. (2016) · Public Administration · doi:10.1111/padm.12347 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Science and policy in extremis: the UK’s initial response to COVID-19
Birch, J. (2021) · European Journal for Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1007/s13194-021-00407-z · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Multidimensional Representation
Wolkenstein, F., & Wratil, C. (2020) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/ajps.12563 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Salience‐Based Congruence Between Parties & their Voters: The Swiss Case
Giger, N., & Lefkofridi, Z. (2014) · Swiss Political Science Review · doi:10.1111/spsr.12069 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Mapping silent citizenship: how democratic theory hears citizens' silence and why it matters
Gray, S. W. D. (2015) · Citizenship Studies · doi:10.1080/13621025.2015.1074346 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
The European Parliament: a working parliament without a public?
Lord, C. (2018) · Journal of Legislative Studies · doi:10.1080/13572334.2018.1444624 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Arnesen, S., Duell, D., & Johannesson, M. P. (2018) · Electoral Studies · doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2018.10.005 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Reforming global climate governance in an age of bullshit
Stevenson, H. (2020) · Globalizations · doi:10.1080/14747731.2020.1774315 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Making good on donors’ desire to Do Development Differently
Honig, D., & Gulrajani, N. (2017) · Third World Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01436597.2017.1369030 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Introduction. Use and Limitations of the Principal–Agent Model in Studying the European Union
Delreux, T., & Adriaensen, J. (2017) · Palgrave studies in European Union politics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55137-1_1 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Kogelmann, B. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108973847 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Bicameral or Tricameral? National Parliaments and Representative Democracy in the European Union
Cooper, I. (2013) · Journal of European Integration · doi:10.1080/07036337.2013.799939 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Deliberative Global Governance
Dryzek, J. S., Bowman, Q., Kuyper, J. W., Pickering, J., Sass, J., & Stevenson, H. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108762922 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Are the Policy Preferences of Relatively Poor Citizens Under-represented in the Swiss Parliament?
Rosset, J. (2013) · Journal of Legislative Studies · doi:10.1080/13572334.2013.812363 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Schlozman, K. L., Jones, P. E., You, H. Y., Burch, T. R., Verba, S., & Brady, H. E. (2015) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s1537592715002285 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Citizen-led democratic reform: innovations in Indi
Hendriks, C. M. (2017) · Australian Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1080/10361146.2017.1374345 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Who Believes in Conspiracy Theories in Great Britain and Europe?
Drochon, H. H. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190844073.003.0022 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
I the People? Self-Interest and Demand for Government Responsiveness
Rosset, J., Giger, N., & Bernauer, J. (2016) · Comparative Political Studies · doi:10.1177/0010414015621078 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Democracy Administered: How Public Administration Shapes Representative Government
Bertelli, A. M. (2021) · doi:10.1017/9781316755167 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Political Meritocracy and Meritorious Rule
Chan, J. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139814850.003 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Braendle, T. (2014) · Public Choice · doi:10.1007/s11127-014-0184-0 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Recursive Representation in the Representative SystemPreprint
Mansbridge, J. J. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3049294 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationPorumbescu, G. A., & Grimmelikhuijsen, S. (2018) · The American Review of Public Administration · doi:10.1177/0275074017734642 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
European Vox Radicis: Representation and policy congruence on the extremes
Lefkofridi, Z., & Casado‐Asensio, J. (2012) · Comparative European Politics · doi:10.1057/cep.2012.1 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Public servants in parliament: theory and evidence on its determinants in Germany
Braendle, T., & Stutzer, A. (2009) · Public Choice · doi:10.1007/s11127-009-9563-3 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Honig, D. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197641194.001.0001 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Unrepresentative Claims: Speaking for Oneself in a Social Movement
Hayat, S. (2021) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055421001210 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Lord, C. (2013) · Journal of European Public Policy · doi:10.1080/13501763.2013.746123 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Larsen, M. V., & Olsen, A. L. (2019) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1086/706595 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Rehfeld, A. (2017) · Journal of Political Philosophy · doi:10.1111/jopp.12137 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The History of Conspiracy Theory Research
Bütter, M., & Knight, P. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190844073.003.0002 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Europe’s voting space and the problem of second-order elections: A transnational proposal
Bright, J., Garzia, D., Lacey, J., & Trechsel, A. H. (2014) · European Union Politics · doi:10.1177/1465116515588965 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Blind spots in the party system: Spatial voting and issue salience if voters face scarce choices
Kurella, A., & Rosset, J. (2017) · Electoral Studies · doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2017.07.001 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Schmidt, V. A. (2015) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Democracy in flux: a systemic view on the impact of COVID-19
Parry, L. J., Asenbaum, H., & Ercan, S. A. (2020) · Transforming Government People Process and Policy · doi:10.1108/tg-09-2020-0269 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Kim, S. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197630617.001.0001 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Multilevel representation in the European Parliament
Lefkofridi, Z., & Κατσανίδου, Α. (2013) · European Union Politics · doi:10.1177/1465116513501907 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Crisp, B. F., Olivella, S., & Rosas, G. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108775564 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Building a Better Referendum: Linking Mini-Publics and Mass Publics in Popular Votes
McKay, S. (2019) · Journal of Deliberative Democracy · doi:10.16997/jdd.319 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Deliberative Voting: Clarifying Consent in a Consensus Process
Moore, A., & O’Doherty, K. C. (2013) · Journal of Political Philosophy · doi:10.1111/jopp.12028 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Deliberation and ecological democracy: from citizen to global system
Niemeyer, S. (2019) · Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning · doi:10.1080/1523908x.2019.1661232 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Empowerment as a Tool to Reduce Belief in Conspiracy Theories
van Prooijen, J. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190844073.003.0030 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Transnational Representation in Global Labour Governance and the Politics of Input Legitimacy
Reinecke, J., & Donaghey, J. (2021) · Business Ethics Quarterly · doi:10.1017/beq.2021.27 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Ingham, S. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108683821.005 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Pettit, P. N. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139814850.007 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Democratic Accountability and the Politics of Mass Administrative Reorganization
Bertelli, A. M., & Sinclair, J. (2016) · British Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1017/s0007123416000077 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Administrative legitimacy and the democratic deficit of the European Union
Murdoch, Z., Connolly, S., & Kassim, H. (2017) · Journal of European Public Policy · doi:10.1080/13501763.2016.1268193 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Conspiracy Theories and Philosophy
Dentith, M. R. X. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190844073.003.0006 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Electoral Reform and Trade-Offs in Representation
Becher, M., & Menéndez, I. (2019) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055419000145 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Lafont, C., & Urbinati, N. (2024) · doi:10.1093/9780191982903.001.0001 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
DiFonzo, N. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190844073.003.0017 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
DO INSTITUTIONS AFFECT CITIZENS' SELECTION INTO POLITICS?
Braendle, T. (2014) · Journal of Economic Surveys · doi:10.1111/joes.12098 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Empirische Deliberationsforschung – eine systematische Übersicht
Bächtiger, A., & Wyss, D. (2013) · Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft · doi:10.1007/s12286-013-0153-x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Body‐Worn Cameras and Policing: A List Experiment of Citizen Overt and True Support
Bromberg, D. E., Charbonneau, É., & Smith, A. (2018) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.12924 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mansbridge, J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mansbridge, Jane
- ORCID
- Mansbridge, Jane
- Venue
- Journal of Political Philosophy
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-10-07
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 369-398
- ISSN
- 0963-8016 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9760
- OpenAlex
- W2159710636
- Cited by
- 563
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 63 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 65.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Political Philosophy (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Political Theory and Democracy
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Game Theory and Voting Systems
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
- Keywords
- political representation, selection model, principal-agent relationship, accountability, reputation, representative selection
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
