The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The Myth of Social Class and Criminality: An Empirical Assessment of the Empirical Evidence
Abstract
Charles R. Tittle, Wayne J. Villemez, Douglas A. Smith, The Myth of Social Class and Criminality: An Empirical Assessment of the Empirical Evidence, American Sociological Review, Vol. 43, No. 5 (Oct., 1978), pp. 643-656
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
DOES CORRECTIONAL TREATMENT WORK? A CLINICALLY RELEVANT AND PSYCHOLOGICALLY INFORMED META‐ANALYSIS *
ANDREWS, D. A., ZINGER, I., HOGE, R. D., BONTA, J., GENDREAU, P., & CULLEN, F. T. (1990) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1990.tb01330.x · Cited by 2,084
Classification for Effective Rehabilitation: Rediscovering Psychology
ANDREWS, D. A., BONTA, J., & HOGE, R. D. (1990) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854890017001004 · Cited by 1,895
Bonta, J. L., Law, M. A., & Hanson, K. (1998) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.123.2.123 · Cited by 1,250
The sociobiology of sociopathy: An integrated evolutionary model
Mealey, L. (1995) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00039595 · Cited by 984
Middle‐Status Conformity: Theoretical Restatement and Empirical Demonstration in Two Markets
Phillips, D. J., & Zuckerman, E. W. (2001) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/324072 · Cited by 845
Metadata
- Authors
- Tittle, C. R., Villemez, W. J., & Smith, D. A.
- Venue
- American Sociological Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1978-10
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 643
- ISSN
- 0003-1224 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1996871402
- Cited by
- 407
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 37.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Myth of Social Class and Criminality: An Empirical Assessment of the Empirical Evidence. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/2094541
- The paper
- Tittle, C. R., Villemez, W. J., & Smith, D. A. (1978). The Myth of Social Class and Criminality: An Empirical Assessment of the Empirical Evidence. American Sociological Review. https://doi.org/10.2307/2094541
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.