The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
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Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“According to the lifestyles/routine activity theory framework (Cohen and Felson 1979;Hindelang et al. 1978), organizational structures and social routines present opportunities for motivated offenders to come into contact with potential targets.”
From Profiling consumers who reported mass marketing scams: demographic characteristics and emotional sentiments associated with victimization (2024) · cites this paper as Cohen and Felson 1979
In the citing paper
“For instance, theories like Routine Activity Theory (Cohen & Felson, 1979) can explain how offenders exploit the convergence of targets and a lack of capable guardianship in poorly moderated VR spaces.”
From Virtual Reality Risks for Children in the Metaverse: An Examination through Criminological Perspectives (2026) · cites this paper as Cohen & Felson, 1979
In the citing paper
“Similarly, the Routine Activity Approach (Cohen & Felson, 1979) offers a situational explanation for how OSG opportunities emerge, emphasizing the convergence of a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of capable guardians.”
From Unraveling the Complexities of Offender Strategies as Part of Online Sexual Grooming and Technology-Assisted Child Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review (2026) · cites this paper as Cohen & Felson, 1979
In the citing paper
“routine activity theory, which holds that crime occurs when a motivated offender converges with a suitable target in the absence of a capable guardian [11]”
From Geopolitical competition, online radicalisation, and organisational culture as vectors of the evolving insider threat (2026) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Studies of criminal activity repeatedly show that crimes, particularly violent crimes, tend to take place on specific street segments where there is an optimal combination of possible offenders, targets, and supervision (Braga, Papachristos, and Hureau 2010;Cohen and Felson 1979;St. Jean 2008).”
From Danger on the way to school: exposure to violent crime, public transportation, and absenteeism (2019) · cites this paper as Cohen and Felson 1979
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Systematic Social Observation of Public Spaces: A New Look at Disorder in Urban Neighborhoods
Sampson, R. J., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1999) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/210356 · Cited by 2,485
Testing the Core Empirical Implications of Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory of Crime
Grasmick, H. G., Tittle, C. R., Bursik, R. J., & Arneklev, B. J. (1993) · Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0022427893030001002 · Cited by 2,272
HOT SPOTS OF PREDATORY CRIME: ROUTINE ACTIVITIES AND THE CRIMINOLOGY OF PLACE*
SHERMAN, L. W., GARTIN, P. R., & BUERGER, M. E. (1989) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1989.tb00862.x · Cited by 2,104
NEIGHBORHOOD INEQUALITY, COLLECTIVE EFFICACY, AND THE SPATIAL DYNAMICS OF URBAN VIOLENCE*
MORENOFF, J. D., SAMPSON, R. J., & RAUDENBUSH, S. W. (2001) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2001.tb00932.x · Cited by 1,874
Fear of crime: A review of the literature
Hale, C. (1996) · International Review of Victimology · doi:10.1177/026975809600400201 · Cited by 1,579
Metadata
- Authors
- Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M.
- ORCID
- Felson, Marcus
- Venue
- American Sociological Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1979-08
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 588
- ISSN
- 0003-1224 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4249855545
- Cited by
- 8,856
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 716 · 2025: 559 · 2024: 563 · 2023: 531 · 2022: 614 · 2021: 576 · 2020: 540 · 2019: 479 · 2018: 468 · 2017: 395 · 2016: 390 · 2015: 352 · 2014: 296 · 2013: 335 · 2012: 280
- FWCI
- 52.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Sociological Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Law › Criminal Justice and Penology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime, Deviance, and Social Control
- Keywords
- social change, routine activity theory, crime victimization, victim-offender overlap
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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