The Effect of Political Democracy and Social Democracy on Equality in Industrial Societies: A Cross-National Comparison
Abstract
Christopher Hewitt, The Effect of Political Democracy and Social Democracy on Equality in Industrial Societies: A Cross-National Comparison, American Sociological Review, Vol. 42, No. 3 (Jun., 1977), pp. 450-464
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Switzerland adopted the secret ballot in 1872.
“Switzerland: 1872.Hewitt (1977) and Engerman (2003).”
From From Open to Secret Ballot: Vote Buying and Modernization (2012) · cites this paper as Hewitt (1977)
Cited by
Sorted by citations
From Open to Secret Ballot: Vote Buying and Modernization
Aidt, T. S., & Jensen, P. S. (2012) · Faculty of Economics · doi:10.17863/cam.1045 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hewitt, C.
- Corresponding author
- Hewitt, Christopher
- Venue
- American Sociological Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1977-06
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 450
- ISSN
- 0003-1224 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2323486848
- Cited by
- 216
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 69.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Sociological Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Social Policy and Reform Studies
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Political Theory and Democracy
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
- Keywords
- political democracy, social democracy, income inequality, industrial society, welfare state, cross-national comparison, political institutions, social policy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review