The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Warm-Glow versus Cold-Prickle: The Effects of Positive and Negative Framing on Cooperation in Experiments
Abstract
Experiments on privately provided public goods generally find that subjects are far more cooperative than predicted, while experiments on oligopolies and the commons almost always obtain the Nash-equilibrium predictions, despite being very similar games. This paper examines whether this difference could be due to the fact that with public goods there is a positive externality, while with the others the externality is negative. The result of the experiments is that subjects are more willing to cooperate when the externality is positive, even though the potential outcomes are the same. This suggests a behavioral asymmetry between the warm-glow of doing something good and cold-prickle of doing something bad.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Status quo bias in decision making
Samuelson, W., & Zeckhauser, R. (1988) · Journal of Risk and Uncertainty · doi:10.1007/bf00055564 · Cited by 5,897
Experimental Tests of the Endowment Effect and the Coase Theorem
Kahneman, D., Knetsch, J. L., & Thaler, R. H. (2000) · Behavioral Law and Economics · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139175197.009 · Cited by 2,873
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1982) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0182-160 · Cited by 1,669
Choice behavior in social dilemmas: Effects of social identity, group size, and decision framing.
Brewer, M. B., & Kramer, R. M. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.50.3.543 · Cited by 1,138
Group Size Effects in Public Goods Provision: The Voluntary Contributions Mechanism
Isaac, R. M., & Walker, J. M. (1988) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/1882648 · Cited by 1,085
2. Public Goods: A Survey of Experimental Research
Ledyard, J. O. (1995) · The Handbook of Experimental Economics · doi:10.1515/9780691213255-004 · Cited by 1,033
Privately provided public goods in a large economy: The limits of altruism
Andreoni, J. (1988) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/0047-2727(88)90061-8 · Cited by 857
Self-citationAn Experimental Study of the Centipede Game
McKelvey, R. D., & Palfrey, T. R. (1992) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/2951567 · Cited by 740
Group size and the voluntary provision of public goods
Isaac, R. M., Walker, J. M., & Williams, A. W. (1994) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/0047-2727(94)90068-x · Cited by 735
Rational Cooperation in the Finitely Repeated Prisoner's Dilemma: Experimental Evidence
Andreoni, J., & Miller, J. H. (1993) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2234532 · Cited by 704
Self-citation
Cited by
A Theory of Fairness, Competition, and Cooperation
Fehr, E., & Schmidt, K. M. (1999) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/003355399556151 · Cited by 11,264
A Theory of Fairness, Competition and Cooperation
Fehr, E. (1998) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.106228 · Cited by 1,629
Experimental methods: Between-subject and within-subject design
Charness, G., Gneezy, U., & Kuhn, M. A. (2012) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2011.08.009 · Cited by 1,469
Spontaneous giving and calculated greed
Rand, D. G., Greene, J. D., & Nowak, M. A. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11467 · Cited by 1,334
Personality Psychology and Economics
Almlund, M., Duckworth, A. L., Heckman, J., & Kautz, T. (2011) · Handbook of the Economics of Education · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53444-6.00001-8 · Cited by 1,204
Metadata
- Authors
- Andreoni, J.
- Venue
- The Quarterly Journal of Economics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1995-02-01
- Volume
- 110
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-21
- ISSN
- 0033-5533 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-4650
- OpenAlex
- W2106947265
- Cited by
- 912
- References
- 20
- FWCI
- 24.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Warm-Glow versus Cold-Prickle: The Effects of Positive and Negative Framing on Cooperation in Experiments. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/2118508
- The paper
- Andreoni, J. (1995). Warm-Glow versus Cold-Prickle: The Effects of Positive and Negative Framing on Cooperation in Experiments. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118508
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.