School Characteristics Related to Student Engagement
Abstract
It is well established that American students at risk often exhibit patterns of emotional and behavioral withdrawal or disengagement from school. These withdrawal behaviors may culminate in complete disengagement, that is, leaving school without graduating. This investigation examines aspects of the structural and regulatory environment of schools to identify features that are associated with higher levels of engagement among eighth-grade students at risk.
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Belonging plays a central role in sustaining school engagement.
“A consistent theme in the literature is the central role of belonging in sustaining school engagement (Allen et al., 2016; Finn & Voelkl, 1993).”
From Beyond the Classroom: Strengthening Pupil Engagement, Attendance and Belonging through Alternative Education and Community Partnerships (2025) · cites this paper as Finn & Voelkl, 1993
The evidence base supports early, relational and community-rooted responses to disengagement, especially for pupils whose needs are unmet by traditional behaviourist approaches.
“The evidence base supports early, relational and community-rooted responses to disengagement, especially for pupils whose needs are unmet by traditional behaviourist approaches (Klem & Connell, 2004; Finn & Voelkl, 1993).”
From Beyond the Classroom: Strengthening Pupil Engagement, Attendance and Belonging through Alternative Education and Community Partnerships (2025) · cites this paper as Finn & Voelkl, 1993
Cites
Finn, J. D. (1989) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.2307/1170412 · Cited by 2,702 · see citing works
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School Engagement: Potential of the Concept, State of the Evidence
Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543074001059 · Cited by 12,581 · see citing works
Academic success among students at risk for school failure
Finn, J. D., & Rock, D. A. (1997) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.82.2.221 · Cited by 1,397 · see citing works
Self-citationToward an Understanding of Definitions and Measures of School Engagement and Related Terms
Jimerson, S. R., Campos, E., & Greif, J. L. (2003) · The California School Psychologist · doi:10.1007/bf03340893 · Cited by 811 · see citing works
Tucker, C. M., Zayco, R. A., Herman, K. C., Reinke, W. M., Trujillo, M., Carraway, K., Wallack, C., & Ivery, P. D. (2002) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.10038 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Fostering School Belonging in Secondary Schools Using a Socio-Ecological Framework
Allen, K.-A., Vella-Brodrick, D., & Waters, L. (2016) · Educational and Developmental Psychologist · doi:10.1017/edp.2016.5 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Doulas, A. V., & Lurigio, A. J. (2010) · Journal of Police Crisis Negotiations · doi:10.1080/15332586.2010.481893 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Breslin, M., & Mitchell, J. (2025) · Scottish Educational Review · doi:10.1163/27730840-bja10032
- Authors
- Finn, J. D., & Voelkl, K. E.
- Venue
- The Journal of Negro Education
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1993
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 249
- ISSN
- 0022-2984 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2030079028
- Cited by
- 398
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 4.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Negro Education (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Environments and Student Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Youth Development and Social Support
- Keywords
- student engagement, at-risk students, school disengagement, school dropout, school structure, school regulations, eighth grade students, school climate
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