The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Simultaneous-Equation Estimation in a Clinical Trial of the Effect of Smoking on Birth Weight
Abstract
Controlled experiments can be used to study the effects on health of behaviors that cannot be perfectly controlled. A simple statistical technique allows causal effects to be distinguished from selection effects. The technique is applied to measure the effect of maternal smoking on birth weight.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Identification of Causal Effects Using Instrumental Variables
Angrist, J. D., Imbens, G. W., & Rubin, D. B. (1996) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1996.10476902 · Cited by 4,230
Angrist, J. D., & Krueger, A. B. (2001) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.15.4.69 · Cited by 2,355
ECONOMETRICS IN OUTCOMES RESEARCH: The Use of Instrumental Variables
Newhouse, J. P., & McClellan, M. (1998) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.19.1.17 · Cited by 676
Bayesian inference for causal effects in randomized experiments with noncompliance
Imbens, G. W., & Rubin, D. B. (1997) · The Annals of Statistics · doi:10.1214/aos/1034276631 · Cited by 538
Instrumental Variables: Application and Limitations
Martens, E. P., Pestman, W. R., de Boer, A., Belitser, S. V., & Klungel, O. H. (2006) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000215160.88317.cb · Cited by 464
Metadata
- Authors
- Permutt, T., & Hebel, J. R.
- Venue
- Biometrics
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1989-06
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 619
- ISSN
- 0006-341X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4298114626
- Cited by
- 159
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 0.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Simultaneous-Equation Estimation in a Clinical Trial of the Effect of Smoking on Birth Weight. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/2531503
- The paper
- Permutt, T., & Hebel, J. R. (1989). Simultaneous-Equation Estimation in a Clinical Trial of the Effect of Smoking on Birth Weight. Biometrics. https://doi.org/10.2307/2531503
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.