The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
2 x 2 Kappa Coefficients: Measures of Agreement or Association
Abstract
Two general but different contexts in which kappa might be used are defined: agreement and association. Two models, one for agreement and one for utility of association, are defined yielding different kappa coefficients and different sampling theory. Asymptotic results are derived for both models. Small-sample evaluations are presented for the model for agreement.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Weighted kappa: nominal scale agreement provision for scaled disagreement or partial credit
Cohen, J. (1968) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0026256 · Cited by 8,736
Measures of response agreement for qualitative data: Some generalizations and alternatives.
Light, R. J. (1971) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0031643 · Cited by 747
Cited by
A penetration-aspiration scale
Rosenbek, J. C., Robbins, J. A., Roecker, E. B., Coyle, J. L., & Wood, J. L. (1996) · Dysphagia · doi:10.1007/bf00417897 · Cited by 2,803
Inter-Coder Agreement for Computational Linguistics
Artstein, R., & Poesio, M. (2008) · Computational Linguistics · doi:10.1162/coli.07-034-r2 · Cited by 1,665
Beyond kappa: a review of interrater agreement measures
Banerjee, M., Capozzoli, M., McSweeney, L., & Sinha, D. (1999) · Canadian Journal of Statistics · doi:10.2307/3315487 · Cited by 976
Markon, K. E., Chmielewski, M., & Miller, C. J. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0023678 · Cited by 656
Training and quality assurance with the structured clinical interview for DSM-iV (SCID-I/P)
Ventura, J., Liberman, R. P., Green, M. F., Shaner, A., & Mintz, J. (1998) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(98)00038-9 · Cited by 591
Metadata
- Authors
- Bloch, D. A., & Kraemer, H. C.
- Venue
- Biometrics
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1989-03
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 269
- ISSN
- 0006-341X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1997449248
- Cited by
- 291
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 35.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: 2 x 2 Kappa Coefficients: Measures of Agreement or Association. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/2532052
- The paper
- Bloch, D. A., & Kraemer, H. C. (1989). 2 x 2 Kappa Coefficients: Measures of Agreement or Association. Biometrics. https://doi.org/10.2307/2532052
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
