The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance.
Overview
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Integrity signals
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Claims the paper makes
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Citations
Cited by
Growing Up American: The Challenge Confronting Immigrant Children and Children of Immigrants
Zhou, M. (1997) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.23.1.63 · Cited by 1,107
Global Prohibition Regimes: the Evolution of Norms in International Society
Nadelmann, E. A. (1990) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818300035384 · Cited by 989
Surveillance and System Avoidance: Criminal Justice Contact and Institutional Attachment
Brayne, S. (2014) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/0003122414530398 · Cited by 538
Rethinking ethnicity: Identity, categorization and power
Jenkins, R. (1994) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.1994.9993821 · Cited by 491
A theoretical model of career subidentity development in organizational settings
Hall, D. T. (1971) · Organizational Behavior and Human Performance · doi:10.1016/0030-5073(71)90005-5 · Cited by 353
Metadata
- Authors
- Kerckhoff, R. K., & Becker, H. S.
- Venue
- Social Forces
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1964-03
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 389
- ISSN
- 0037-7732 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2323928716
- Cited by
- 1,859
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 5.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/2575560
- The paper
- Kerckhoff, R. K., & Becker, H. S. (1964). Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. Social Forces. https://doi.org/10.2307/2575560
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
