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Who Cares? Toward an Integrated Theory of Volunteer Work
Abstract
The authors construct an integrated theory of formal and informal volunteer work based on the premises that volunteer work is (1) productive work that requires human capital, (2) collective behavior that requires social capital, and (3) ethically guided work that requires cultural capital. Using education, income and functional health to measure human capital, number of children in the household and informal social interaction to measure social capital, and religiosity to measure cultural capital, they estimate a model in which formal volunteering and informal helping are reciprocally related but connected in different ways to different forms of capital. Using two-wave data from the Americans' Changing Lives panel study, they find that formal volunteering is positively related to human capital, number of children in the household, informal social interaction and religiosity. Informal helping, such as helping a neighbor, is primarily determined by gender, age and health. Estimation of reciprocal effects reveals that formal volunteering has a positive effect on helping, but helping does not affect formal volunteering
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“Although the positive impact of income on initial levels of voluntary participation has been confirmed in many previous studies (Wilson & Musick, 1997), no other studies have identified this variable as a predictor of relationship duration.”
From The Test of Time: Predictors and Effects of Duration in Youth Mentoring Relationships (2002) · cites this paper as Wilson & Musick, 1997
In the citing paper
“Being female and/or of minority status tends to be associated with higher levels of stress (Reid, 1988), which may increase the likelihood of early termination in the relationship (Wilson & Musick, 1997).”
From The Test of Time: Predictors and Effects of Duration in Youth Mentoring Relationships (2002) · cites this paper as Wilson & Musick, 1997
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wilson, J., & Musick, M.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Venue
- American Sociological Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1997-10
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 694
- ISSN
- 0003-1224 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2108660896
- Cited by
- 1,409
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 75 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 79 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 67 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 78 · 2013: 65 · 2012: 57
- FWCI
- 39.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Sociological Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Capital and Networks
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management › Tourism, Volunteerism, and Development
- Keywords
- volunteering, formal volunteering, informal helping, human capital, social capital, cultural capital, religiosity, informal social interaction, reciprocal effects, gender differences
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