The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Methodology of Necessary Conditions
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Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Obviously, this uncertainty might come from measurement error, as is suggested by Braumoeller and Goertz (2000, 848).”
From Qualitative Comparative Analysis: How Inductive Use and Measurement Error Lead to Problematic Inference (2013) · cites this paper as Braumoeller and Goertz (2000)
In the citing paper
“In this case, the necessary condition hypothesis can be maintained despite these counterexamples.”
From Qualitative Comparative Analysis: How Inductive Use and Measurement Error Lead to Problematic Inference (2013) · cites this paper as Braumoeller and Goertz (2000)
In the citing paper
“These suggestions for explicitly (or implicitly) addressing measurement error made by Dion (1998), Braumoeller and Goertz (2000), and Clark, Gilligan, and Golder (2006) have, however, found little or any resonance among scholars employing QCA.”
From Qualitative Comparative Analysis: How Inductive Use and Measurement Error Lead to Problematic Inference (2013) · cites this paper as Braumoeller and Goertz (2000)
In the citing paper
“These authors present a simple test for necessary conditions relying on the idea that counterexamples to necessary conditions might be due to measurement error.”
From Qualitative Comparative Analysis: How Inductive Use and Measurement Error Lead to Problematic Inference (2013) · cites this paper as Braumoeller and Goertz (2000)
In the citing paper
“If the extent of this measurement error can be assessed (e.g., through reliability tests), this information can be used to assess whether observed counterexamples to a necessary condition are likely to stem from measurement error.”
From Qualitative Comparative Analysis: How Inductive Use and Measurement Error Lead to Problematic Inference (2013) · cites this paper as Braumoeller and Goertz (2000)
In the citing paper
“Braumoeller and Goertz (2000) also recommend an assessment of the power of this test, or, inversely, the type II error, namely the error of wrongly keeping the necessary condition hypothesis despite it being wrong.”
From Qualitative Comparative Analysis: How Inductive Use and Measurement Error Lead to Problematic Inference (2013) · cites this paper as Braumoeller and Goertz (2000)
In the citing paper
“As any necessary condition can easily be transformed into a sufficient condition (and vice versa) (see, for instance, Braumoeller and Goertz 2000, 846)”
From Qualitative Comparative Analysis: How Inductive Use and Measurement Error Lead to Problematic Inference (2013) · cites this paper as Braumoeller and Goertz 2000, 846
In the citing paper
“While Braumoeller and Goertz (2000) proposed that tests obviously only deal with one of the problems I have raised, namely measurement error”
From Qualitative Comparative Analysis: How Inductive Use and Measurement Error Lead to Problematic Inference (2013) · cites this paper as Braumoeller and Goertz (2000)
In the citing paper
“Similarly, based on their p II-test, Braumoeller and Goertz (2000) suggest that even without any counterexamples, necessary condition hypotheses need to be rejected if less than seven cases support them.”
From Qualitative Comparative Analysis: How Inductive Use and Measurement Error Lead to Problematic Inference (2013) · cites this paper as Braumoeller and Goertz (2000)
In the citing paper
“Braumoeller and Goertz (2000) also suggest that testing for the triviality of the necessary condition, by comparing the distribution of the values for X for each of the values of Y”
From Qualitative Comparative Analysis: How Inductive Use and Measurement Error Lead to Problematic Inference (2013) · cites this paper as Braumoeller and Goertz (2000)
In the citing paper
“Braumoeller and Goertz (2000) provide tools that have hardly ever been employed in the literature, but which allow the testing of necessary condition hypotheses when faced with measurement error.”
From Qualitative Comparative Analysis: How Inductive Use and Measurement Error Lead to Problematic Inference (2013) · cites this paper as Braumoeller and Goertz (2000)
In the citing paper
“Following Braumoeller and Goertz (2000, 848), the pI -test would suggest rejecting the necessary condition hypothesis if this lower bound is higher than the error to be expected in the cell corresponding to the counterexamples in a two-by-two table.”
From Qualitative Comparative Analysis: How Inductive Use and Measurement Error Lead to Problematic Inference (2013) · cites this paper as Braumoeller and Goertz (2000, 848)
In the citing paper
“and the tools provided by Braumoeller and Goertz (2000) seem appropriate”
From Qualitative Comparative Analysis: How Inductive Use and Measurement Error Lead to Problematic Inference (2013) · cites this paper as Braumoeller and Goertz (2000)
In the citing paper
“As Braumoeller and Goertz (2000) demonstrate, however, it is not only the share of consistent cases that is important, but also the absolute number.”
From Qualitative Comparative Analysis: How Inductive Use and Measurement Error Lead to Problematic Inference (2013) · cites this paper as Braumoeller and Goertz (2000)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Braumoeller, B. F., & Goertz, G.
- Venue
- American Journal of Political Science
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 2000-10
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 844
- ISSN
- 0092-5853 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2321718921
- Cited by
- 255
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 25.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Political Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Political Science Research and Education
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation
- Keywords
- necessary conditions, causal inference, methodological issues
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