The Second Great Awakening as an Organizing Process, 1780-1830: An Hypothesis

Mathews, Donald G.

doi:10.2307/2710771

Cited by 121Religion and Society InteractionsAmerican Constitutional Law and PoliticsReformation and Early Modern Christianity

The Second Great Awakening as an Organizing Process, 1780-1830: An Hypothesis

Mathews, Donald G.·1969·American Quarterly

DOI 10.2307/2710771

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Abstract

eralizations which American historians use every now and again to describe a movement whose complexity eludes precision. The term usually includes monumental changes such as the break-up of Calvinism, an event which, like the thawing of northern rivers in the spring, heralded a new burst of creativity, energy and warmth. The Awakening is also understood as a conservative assertion of a new mode of religious authority by ministers who, fearful of losing their traditional role in New England society, tried to tame the rising democracy. It provided new channels not only for social control, but also for social service which some scholars have said was but a manifestation of the former. It burned in white-hot emotionalism in Kentucky, spreading along the frontier like a prairie fire, sweeping even beyond the backfires set by cautious seaboard ecclesiastics who had hoped to control it. It was an expansion of religious feeling unknown in American history. To be able to say so much about the Awakening might be taken as evidence that it is not such a vague term after all. Yet there are too many unsettling things about the literature relating to it to conclude that present interpretations are sufficiently comprehensive. The difficulties are a mixture of too much emphasis upon the truly intricate and challenging intellectual problems of the New England theology, and a certain awesome impressionability in regard to the non-rational phenomena of revivalism in the burned-over districts of New York and Vermont, and the campmeeting grounds of the South and West. In fact, it is emotionalism and devout piety, heart over reason, commitment as opposed to disinterestedness which characterizes the revival for many scholars. And it is its impact upon Congregationalist-Presbyterian dogmas of inability which invites the scrutiny of intellectual historians who quite rightly

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Authors: Mathews, D. G.
Corresponding author: Mathews, Donald G.
Venue: American Quarterly
Publisher: JSTOR
Published: 1969
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Pages: 23
ISSN: 0003-0678 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2307/2710771
OpenAlex: W2327444773
Cited by: 121
References: 0
Citations by year: 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 3.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Quarterly (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Religion and Society Interactions
Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › American Constitutional Law and Politics
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Reformation and Early Modern Christianity
Keywords: Second Great Awakening, religious revival, religious organizations, New England theology, Reformed theology, emotionalism, piety, Congregationalism, Presbyterianism, social control, religion and democracy, frontier religion, camp meetings

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The Second Great Awakening as an Organizing Process, 1780-1830: An Hypothesis

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