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Cited by 915

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

History Versus Expectations

Open access
Krugman, Paul·1991·The Quarterly Journal of Economics

Abstract

In models with external economies, there are often two or more long-run equilibria. Which equilibrium is chosen? Much of the literature presumes that “history” sets initial conditions that determine the outcome, but an alternative view stresses the role of “expectations,” i.e., of self-fulfilling prophecy. This paper uses a simple trade model with both external economies and adjustment costs to show how the parameters of the economy determine the relative importance of history and expectations in determining equilibrium.

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Crossref · 10.2307/2937950

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Metadata

Authors
Krugman, P.
Venue
The Quarterly Journal of Economics
Published
1991-05
Volume
106
Issue
2
Pages
651
ISSN
0033-5533 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2122403554
Cited by
915
References
14
FWCI
40.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: History Versus Expectations. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/2937950
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Krugman, P. (1991). History Versus Expectations. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. https://doi.org/10.2307/2937950

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.