The Relationship Between Wages and Income and the Timing and Spacing of Births: Evidence from Swedish Longitudinal Data
Abstract
"This paper estimates semiparametric reduced-form neoclassical models of life-cycle fertility in Sweden.... The estimated model integrates aspects of life cycle fertility that have previously been studied in isolation of each other: completed fertility, childlessness, interbirth intervals, and the time series of annual birth rates. The main objective of this paper is to determine which aspects of life cycle fertility, if any, are sensitive to male income and female wages."
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Ample evidence supports a positive direct effect of income, as increases in male earnings lead to higher fertility in settings in which childcare is mostly performed by women.
“ample evidence supports a positive direct effect of income, as increases in male earnings lead to higher fertility in settings in which childcare is mostly performed by women (Ermisch 1989, Heckman &Walker 1990).”
From Fertility in High-Income Countries: Trends, Patterns, Determinants, and Consequences (2024) · cites this paper as Heckman &Walker 1990
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 25 · Cited by 423
- Authors
- Heckman, J. J., & Walker, J. R.
- Venue
- Econometrica
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1990-11
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1411
- ISSN
- 0012-9682 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2050220272
- Cited by
- 423
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 3.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Econometrica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Labor market dynamics and wage inequality
- Keywords
- birth interval, birth timing, childlessness, completed fertility, birth rate, women's wages, semiparametric models, Sweden
- MeSH terms
- Birth Intervals, Birth Rate, Demography, Economics, Europe, Family, Family Characteristics, Family Planning Services, Fertility, Income, Life Cycle Stages, Models, Theoretical, Parity, Population, Population Dynamics, Research, Salaries and Fringe Benefits, Scandinavian and Nordic Countries, Sexual Behavior, Socioeconomic Factors, Sweden, Developed Countries
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
