Protection and Real Wages

The distributive impacts of the Belt and Road Initiative

Luo, Z., Wan, G., Wang, C., & Zhang, X. (2021) · Journal of Economic Surveys · doi:10.1111/joes.12436 · Cited by 23

INTERINDUSTRY FACTOR MOBILITY AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE: EVIDENCE ON WAGE AND PROFIT DISPERSION ACROSS U.S. INDUSTRIES, 1820–1990

Hiscox, M. (2002) · The Journal of Economic History · doi:10.1017/s0022050702000542 · Cited by 23

Outsourcing and the Heckscher-Ohlin Model

Batra, R., & Beladi, H. (2010) · Review of International Economics · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9396.2010.00857.x · Cited by 23

An Introduction to International Economics: New Perspectives on the World Economy

Reinert, K. A. (2011) · Cited by 23

Inequality in the globalizing Asia

Lee, J.-E. (2010) · Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/00036840801964781 · Cited by 21

Chapter 15 International migration and international trade

Razin, A., & Sadka, E. (1997) · Handbook of Population and Family Economics · doi:10.1016/s1574-003x(97)80007-4 · Cited by 23

Shareholder wealth effects of free trade: U.S. and Mexican stock market response to nafta

Hanson, R. C., & Song, M. H. (1998) · International Review of Economics & Finance · doi:10.1016/s1059-0560(98)90041-7 · Cited by 23

Distribution, Growth and International Trade

Parrinello, S. (1979) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-04378-1_14 · Cited by 23

Sovereignty and Territoriality in the European Union: Transforming the UK Institutional Order

Caporaso, J. A., & Jupille, J. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511617072.005 · Cited by 23

Restructuring Territoriality

Ansell, C., & Palma, G. D. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511617072.001 · Cited by 23

Economic Effects of a Korea-U.S. Free Trade AgreementPreprint

Kiyota, K. (2007) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 23

Capitalist Influences and Peace

Rosecrance, R. (2010) · International Interactions · doi:10.1080/03050621003785108 · Cited by 23

Behind-the-Border Policies

Francois, J. F., & Hoekman, B. M. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108751698 · Cited by 22

The Right to Trade: Rethinking the Aid for Trade Agenda

Stiglitz, J. E., & Charlton, A. (2013) · Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University) · doi:10.7916/d8-92tp-e395 · Cited by 22

Relative Gains in the Shadow of a Trade War

Yeung, E. S. F., & Quek, K. (2022) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818322000030 · Cited by 23

The impact of the shadow economy on economic growth and CO2 emissions: evidence from ECOWAS countries

Camara, M. (2022) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-022-20360-5 · Cited by 22

Globalization and its effect on world poverty and inequality

Alias, M. K., Abidin, Z. Z., Ping, S. D. S., Muhamad, A. I., & Rahim, H. L. (2014) · Global Journal of Management and Business Research · Cited by 22

The coming great transformation

Stiglitz, J. E. (2017) · Journal of Policy Modeling · doi:10.1016/j.jpolmod.2017.05.009 · Cited by 22

Laudato si’ – A Macromarketing Manifesto for a Just and Sustainable Environment

Klein, T. A., & Laczniak, G. R. (2020) · Journal of Macromarketing · doi:10.1177/0276146720968321 · Cited by 22

L'Année de la régulation n° 6 (2002-2003)

Hall, P. A., & Soskice, D. (2002) · Presses de Sciences Po eBooks · doi:10.3917/scpo.colle.2002.01.0047 · Cited by 22

Does globalization reduce child labor?

Kis‐Katos, K. (2007) · Journal of International Trade & Economic Development · doi:10.1080/09638190601165558 · Cited by 22

Measuring the Cost of Barriers to Trade in Services

Dee, P., Hanslow, K., & Phamduc, T. (2002) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226386782.003.0002 · Cited by 22

Chapter 34 The labor market implications of international trade

Johnson, G. E., & Stafford, F. P. (1999) · Handbook of labour economics · doi:10.1016/s1573-4463(99)30020-1 · Cited by 22

Tariffs and Other Measures of Trade Control: A Survey of Recent Developments

Stern, R. M. (1973) · Journal of Economic Literature · Cited by 22

The Rents from Trade and Coercive Institutions: Removing the Sugar CoatingPreprint

Dippel, C., Greif, A., & Trefler, D. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2864727 · Cited by 22

Quantitative restrictions and the welfare effects of capital inflows

Buffie, E. F. (1985) · Journal of International Economics · doi:10.1016/0022-1996(85)90037-6 · Cited by 22

Economic sanctions and income inequality: impacts of trade restrictions and foreign aid suspension on target countries

Jeong, J. M. (2020) · Conflict Management and Peace Science · doi:10.1177/0738894219900759 · Cited by 21

Do globalization progress and sectoral growth shifts affect income inequality? An exploratory analysis from India

Behera, D. K., & Viswanathan, P. K. (2021) · Regional Science Policy & Practice · doi:10.1111/rsp3.12499 · Cited by 21

Foreign investment and expropriation under oligarchy and democracy

Facundo Albornoz, A., Galiani, S., & Heymann, D. (2011) · Economics and Politics · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0343.2011.00391.x · Cited by 21

Paul Samuelson's Legacy

Dixit, A. K. (2012) · Annual Review of Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-080511-110957 · Cited by 21

Preferential Trade Agreements, Income Inequality, and Authoritarian Survival

Chang, E. C. C., & Wu, W. (2016) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1065912916636688 · Cited by 22

Ethnic Diversity and Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Do Institutions Reduce the Noise?

Ajide, K., Alimi, O., & Asongu, S. (2019) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-019-02122-y · Cited by 20

Economic Growth and Sustainable Development

Paech, N. (2012) · Eco-efficiency in industry and science · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5712-7_3 · Cited by 21

Key international trade theorems and large shocks

Jones, R. W. (2006) · International Review of Economics & Finance · doi:10.1016/j.iref.2006.04.001 · Cited by 21

International Trade from Economic and Policy Perspective

Bobek, V. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/2726 · Cited by 21

On the Centenary of Jacob Viner's Birth: A Retrospective View of the Man and His Work

Bloomfield, A. I. (1992) · Journal of Economic Literature · Cited by 21

Heterogeneous Capital and the Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson Theory of Trade

Metcalfe, J. S., & Steedman, I. (1979) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-04378-1_5 · Cited by 21

International Trade and the Skill Structure of Wages and Employment in West Germany / Außenhandel und die Qualifikationsstruktur von Löhnen und Beschäftigung in Westdeutschland

Fitzenberger, B. (1999) · Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik · doi:10.1515/jbnst-1999-1-222 · Cited by 21

Duality in International Trade: A Geometrical Note

Jones, R. W. (1965) · The Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science · doi:10.2307/139737 · Cited by 21

Improving Resilience in Times of Multiple Crisis

Pinkwart, A., Schingen, G., Pannes, A.-T., & Schlotböller, D. (2022) · Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1007/s41471-022-00150-y · Cited by 20

Governance, tourism and inclusive growth in Africa

Dossou, T. A. M., Asongu, S. A., Kambaye, E. N., Dossou, K. P., & Alinsato, A. S. (2023) · International Social Science Journal · doi:10.1111/issj.12476 · Cited by 20

The Impact of Economic Globalization on Income Distribution: Empirical Evidence in China

Wang, B., Dayanandan, A., & Tian, X. (2008) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 20

Trade and Wages: a Deeper Investigation

Jones, R. W., & Ruffin, R. J. (2007) · Review of International Economics · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9396.2007.00710.x · Cited by 20

Populism and Trade

Jones, K. A. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190086350.001.0001 · Cited by 20

Moving Money

Verdier, D. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511491887 · Cited by 20

Territoriality, Authority, and Democracy

Ansell, C. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511617072.012 · Cited by 20

Analysing Macro‐Poverty Linkages of External Liberalisation: Gaps, Achievements and Alternatives

Gunter, B. G., Taylor, L. J., & Yeldan, E. (2005) · Development Policy Review · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7679.2005.00287.x · Cited by 20

Comment on Mankiw and Swagel, “The politics and economics of offshore outsourcing”

Deardorff, A. V. (2006) · Journal of Monetary Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jmoneco.2006.05.006 · Cited by 20

ON WHY RATES OF ASSISTANCE DIFFER BETWEEN AUSTRALIA'S RURAL INDUSTRIES*

Anderson, K. (1978) · Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8489.1978.tb00210.x · Cited by 20

The social impact of globalisation in the developing countries

Lee, E., & Vivarelli, M. (2006) · Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) · doi:10.82444/warw.33483700 · Cited by 20

A Primer on Trade and Inequality

Rodrik, D. (2021) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w29507 · Cited by 20

The Long-Run Labor Market Effects of the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement

Kovak, B. K., & Morrow, P. (2022) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w29793 · Cited by 20

The contingent effects of economic growth and institutions on income inequality: An empirical study

Halili, B. L., & Rodríguez, C. (2025) · Journal of International Trade & Economic Development · doi:10.1080/09638199.2025.2451710 · Cited by 19

Directed Technical Change, Capital Intensity Increase and Energy Transition: Evidence from China

Wang, D., Mugera, A. W., & White, B. (2018) · The Energy Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3284258 · Cited by 19

Towards the reversal of poverty and income inequality setbacks due to COVID-19: the role of globalisation and resource allocation

Ofori, I. K., Armah, M. K., & Asmah, E. E. (2022) · International Review of Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/02692171.2022.2029367 · Cited by 19

Financialisation, globalisation, and the industrial labour share: A comparison between Iran and Thailand

Gouzoulis, G. (2022) · Industrial Relations Journal · doi:10.1111/irj.12353 · Cited by 19

Which Countries’ Citizens Are Better Off With Trade?

Kosack, S., & Tobin, J. (2015) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.05.021 · Cited by 19

DETERMINANTS OF THE INTER‐INDUSTRY STRUCTURE OF PROTECTION IN THE UK†

Greenaway, D., & Milner, C. R. (1994) · Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0084.1994.tb00017.x · Cited by 19

On Income Distribution and Economic Sanctions

COOPER, J. H. (1989) · South African Journal of Economics · doi:10.1111/j.1813-6982.1989.tb00174.x · Cited by 19

Big government sentiment and support for protectionism in East Asia

Wu, W. (2017) · International Political Science Review · doi:10.1177/0192512116682359 · Cited by 19

International Trade in the Presence of Pure Monopoly in the Non-Traded Goods Sector

Cassing, J. (1977) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2231557 · Cited by 19

Political Competition and the Regulation of Foreign Direct Investment

Dorobantu, S. (2010) · DukeSpace (Duke University) · Cited by 19

A generalisation of the Stolper-Samuelson theorem with diversified households: A tale of two matrices

Lloyd, P. (1998) · Econstor (Econstor) · Cited by 19

Rising Income Inequality: Technology, or Trade and Financial Globalization?Preprint

Jaumotte, F., Lall, S., & Papageorgiou, C. (2008) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1266518 · Cited by 19

Your Place in the World - The Demand for National and Global Redistribution

Möllerström, J. (2020) · AEA Randomized Controlled Trials · doi:10.1257/rct.6460 · Cited by 19

Skills, credentials and their unequal reward in a heterogeneous global political economy

Dunn, B. (2012) · Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1177/1440783312459103 · Cited by 18

The distributional impact of labour market reforms: A model-based assessment

Roeger, W., Varga, J., Veld, J. I. ’., & Vogel, L. (2020) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103638 · Cited by 18

Economic and political determinants of the South African labour share, 1971–2019

Gouzoulis, G., Constantine, C., & Ajefu, J. B. (2021) · Economic and Industrial Democracy · doi:10.1177/0143831x211063230 · Cited by 18

Comparative Advantage

Findlay, R. E. (1991) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-21315-3_14 · Cited by 18

Convergence effect of the Belt and Road Initiative on income disparity: evidence from China

Qin, B., Zeng, D., & Gao, A. (2022) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-022-01315-0 · Cited by 18

Individual Attitudes Towards Trade: Stolper-Samuelson Revisited

Jäkel, I. C., & Smolka, M. (2012) · Open Economies Review · doi:10.1007/s11079-012-9263-3 · Cited by 18

Absolute advantages and capital mobility in international trade theory

Bellino, E., & Fratini, S. M. (2021) · European Journal of the History of Economic Thought · doi:10.1080/09672567.2021.1967418 · Cited by 18

Does Capital Account Liberalization Affect Income Inequality?

Li, X., & Su, D. (2018) · Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1111/obes.12405 · Cited by 19

Trump’s Assault on the Global Trading System

Jones, K. A. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190086350.003.0005 · Cited by 18

Inclusive Democracy and Economic Inequality in South Asia: Any Discernible Link?

Waglé, U. R. (2009) · Review of Social Economy · doi:10.1080/00346760902908617 · Cited by 20

Electoral regime and trade policy

Hatfield, J. W., & Hauk, W. R. (2014) · Journal of Comparative Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jce.2014.04.003 · Cited by 18

A note on quantitative trade restrictions, income effects and wage inequality

Acharyya, R. (2011) · Economic Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2011.07.020 · Cited by 18

Trade Openness and Wage Inequality: Evidence for Malaysia

McNabb, R., & Said, R. B. (2013) · The Journal of Development Studies · doi:10.1080/00220388.2013.794263 · Cited by 18

Impacts of Trade on Wage Inequality in Los Angeles: Analysis Using Matched Employer–Employee Data

Rigby, D. L., & Breau, S. (2008) · Annals of the Association of American Geographers · doi:10.1080/00045600802219786 · Cited by 18

A generalization of the Samuelson reciprocity relation, the Stolper-Samuelson theorem and the Rybczynski theorem under variable returns to scale

Inoue, T. (1981) · Journal of International Economics · doi:10.1016/0022-1996(81)90045-3 · Cited by 18

Aid for Trade in Developing Countries: Complex Linkages for Real Effectiveness*

Huchet, M., Lipchitz, A., & Rousson, A. (2009) · African Development Review · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8268.2009.00210.x · Cited by 18

Trade, Multinationals and Labour

Lawrence, R. Z. (1994) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 18

What has orthodox development economics learned from recent experience?

Nugent, J. B., & Yotopoulos, P. A. (1979) · World Development · doi:10.1016/0305-750x(79)90091-3 · Cited by 18

Regional Factor Price Convergence Across Four Major European Countries

Webber, D. J., & White, P. (2003) · Regional Studies · doi:10.1080/0034340032000128703 · Cited by 18

The Determinants of South African Exports: An Econometric Analysis*(1)

Naudé, W. A. (2000) · South African Journal of Economics · doi:10.1111/j.1813-6982.2000.tb01167.x · Cited by 18

Review Essay:Power and the Third World: Toward a Realist Political Economy of North-South Relations

Lake, D. A. (1987) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2600454 · Cited by 18

Imports, Exports, and Jobs: What Does Trade Mean for Employment and Job Loss?

Kletzer, L. G. (2002) · doi:10.17848/9780585441542 · Cited by 18

Outsourcing, Contracts, and Innovation Networks

Naghavi, A. J., & Ottaviano, G. I. P. (2008) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262026451.003.0004 · Cited by 18

Real exchange rate and devaluation

Berglas, E., & Razin, A. (1973) · Journal of International Economics · doi:10.1016/0022-1996(73)90039-1 · Cited by 18

A simple general equilibrium model of production: Comparative statics with price uncertainty

Sakai, Y. (1978) · Journal of Economic Theory · doi:10.1016/0022-0531(78)90095-9 · Cited by 18

A note on tariff-induced capital inflow and immiserization in the presence of taxation of foreign profits

Yabuuchi, S. (1982) · Journal of International Economics · doi:10.1016/0022-1996(82)90084-8 · Cited by 18

Economic Integration and Migration : The Mexico-US CasePreprint

Martin, P. (2003) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 18

Inequality and Schooling Responses to Globalization Forces: Lessons from History

Williamson, J. G. (2006) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w12553 · Cited by 18

Was It Stolper-Samuelson, Infant Industry or Something Else? World Trade Tariffs 1789-1938

Williamson, J. G. (2003) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w9656 · Cited by 18

Sources of Comparative Advantage in the International Trade of the ASEAN Countries

DeRosa, D. A. (1993) · Southeast Asian Economies · doi:10.1355/ae10-1c · Cited by 18

Foreign Direct Investment, Governance and Inclusive Growth in Sub-Saharan AfricaPreprint

Ofori, I. K., & Asongu, S. A. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3861549 · Cited by 18

Trade Globalization, Financial Globalization and Inequality Within South-East Europe and CIS Countries

Elmawazini, K., Sharif, A., Manga, P., & Drucker, P. (2013) · The Journal of Developing Areas · doi:10.1353/jda.2013.0030 · Cited by 20

Measuring the labour income share of developing countries: Learning from social accounting matrices

Trapp, K. (2015) · Working Paper Series · doi:10.35188/unu-wider/2015/926-8 · Cited by 17

The impact of migration: a review of the economic evidence

Dustmann, C., Frattini, T., & Glitz, A. (2007) · Cited by 17

The Impact of International Integration on the Inequality of Income between Rural and Urban Areas in Vietnam

Nguyen, T. T. H., Nguyen, T. T. H., NGUYEN, T. L. H., & Nguyến, C. V. (2020) · Journal of Asian Finance Economics and Business · doi:10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no3.277 · Cited by 17

Protection and Real Wages: A Restatement

Lancaster, K. J. (1957) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2227782 · Cited by 4

Protection, Real Wages and Real Incomes

Bhagwati, J. N. (1959) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2227670 · Cited by 60

"PROTECTION AND REAL WAGES": THE HISTORY OF AN IDEA

Jones, R. W. (2006) · Japanese Economic Review · doi:10.1111/j.1468-5876.2006.00396.x · Cited by 34

Protection and Real Wages: The Stolper–Samuelson Theorem

McCulloch, R. (2006) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199298839.003.0016 · Cited by 10

PROTECTION AND REAL WAGES UNDER CONDITIONS OF VARIABLE RETURNS TO SCALE *

Batra, R. N. (1968) · Oxford Economic Papers · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a041101 · Cited by 37