Cited by 2,430Global trade and economicsEconomic Theory and PolicyHistorical Economic and Social Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Protection and Real Wages

Stolper, W. F., Samuelson, P. A.·1941·The Review of Economic Studies

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Wolfgang F. Stolper, Paul A. Samuelson; Protection and Real Wages, The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 9, Issue 1, 1 November 1941, Pages 58–73, https://doi.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2307/2967638

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Still being checked.

Sorted by citations

Items 601–700 of 1,000

Intra‐industry Trade Liberalization: Why Skilled Workers are More Likely to Support Free Trade
Beaulieu, E., Benarroch, M., & Gaisford, J. D. (2011) · Review of International Economics · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9396.2011.00967.x · Cited by 17
Trade liberalization, economic growth, and income distribution in a multiple-cone neoclassical growth model
Kiyota, K. (2012) · Oxford Economic Papers · doi:10.1093/oep/gps002 · Cited by 17
Trade Theory and Factor Intensities: An Interpretive Essay
Jones, R. W. (2002) · Review of International Economics · doi:10.1111/1467-9396.00352 · Cited by 17
Tariff Liberalisation and the Growth of World Trade: A Comparative Historical Analysis of the Multilateral Trading System
Nenci, S. (2011) · World Economy · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9701.2011.01401.x · Cited by 17
Globalization and Populism
Bajo‐Rubio, O., & Yan, H.-D. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-6462-4_10 · Cited by 17
Openness, Technological Change and Labour Demand in Pre‐Crisis Indonesia
Suryahadi, A., Chen, P., & Tyers, R. (2001) · Asian Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/1467-8381.00133 · Cited by 17
Rybczynski's Theorem in the Heckscher–Ohlin World — Anything Goes
Opp, M. M., Sonnenschein, H. F., & Tombazos, C. G. (2009) · Journal of International Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jinteco.2009.05.005 · Cited by 17
Regional Trade-FDI-Poverty Alleviation Linkages – Some Analytical and Empirical Explorations
Das, R. U. (2011) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781849809153.00018 · Cited by 17
Foreign Trade, Wages, and Unemployment
Cooper, R. N. (1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-61134-6_5 · Cited by 17
On the Distributional Effects of Direct Foreign Investment
Burgess, D. F. (1978) · International Economic Review · doi:10.2307/2526330 · Cited by 17
A Production Theory Approach to the Imports and Wage Inequality Nexus
Tombazos, C. G. (2002) · Economic Inquiry · doi:10.1093/ei/41.1.42 · Cited by 17
Note on Customs Unions and Direct Foreign Investment
d’Arge, R. C. (1969) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2230171 · Cited by 17
Ownership and the Changing Employment Relationship: A Comment on Rousseau and Shperling
Zardkoohi, A., & Paetzold, R. L. (2004) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2004.14497605 · Cited by 17
The Political Economy of Immigration Law: Impact of Simpson-Rodino on the United States and Mexico
Reynolds, C. W., & McCleery, R. K. (1988) · The Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.2.3.117 · Cited by 17
Outside Options, Coercion, and Wages: Removing the Sugar Coating
Dippel, C., Greif, A., & Trefler, D. (2015) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w20958 · Cited by 17
GTAP-POV: A Framework for Assessing the National Poverty Impacts of Global Economic and Environmental Policies
Hertel, T. W., Verma, M. V. D. B., Ivanic, M., Magalhães, E., Ludeña, C. E., & Ríos, A. R. (2011) · GTAP technical paper series · doi:10.21642/gtap.tp31 · Cited by 17
Links Between Growth, Inequality, and Poverty
Cerra, V., Lama, R., & Loayza, N. (2021) · How to Achieve Inclusive Growth · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192846938.003.0002 · Cited by 12
Collateral Damage? Labour Market Effects of Competing with China—at Home and Abroad
Cabral, S., Martins, P. S., dos Santos, J. P., & Tavares, M. (2020) · Economica · doi:10.1111/ecca.12355 · Cited by 17
Misinformation, Economic Threat, and Public Support for International Trade
Flynn, D. J., Horiuchi, Y., & Zhang, D. (2018) · Review of International Political Economy · doi:10.1080/09692290.2020.1824931 · Cited by 17
The Trade (Policy) Discourse in Top Economics Journals
Aistleitner, M., & Puehringer, S. (2020) · New Political Economy · doi:10.1080/13563467.2020.1841145 · Cited by 16
Quota Removal, Skill Acquisition, and Longer-Run Effects of Destination-Specific Export Shocks in China
Zhang, J., & Zhou, K. (2022) · Journal of Development Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2023.103149 · Cited by 17
Modelling the Effects of Immigration on Regional Economic Performance and Wage Distribution: A Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Analysis of Three European Union Regions
Pouliakas, K., Roberts, D., Balamou, E., & Psaltopoulos, D. (2012) · Regional Studies · doi:10.1080/00343404.2011.653332 · Cited by 16
Globalisation, EU enlargement and income distribution
Breuss, F. (2010) · International Journal of Public Policy · doi:10.1504/ijpp.2010.031204 · Cited by 16
Generalizations of the Stolper-Samuelson and Samuelson-Rybczynski Theorems in Terms of Conditional Input-Output Coefficients
Wegge, L. L., & Kemp, M. C. (1969) · International Economic Review · doi:10.2307/2525653 · Cited by 16
Globalization and Income Inequality
Ruffin, R. J. (2009) · Cited by 16
Globalization, Worker Mobility and Wage Inequality
Stijepic, D. (2016) · Review of International Economics · doi:10.1111/roie.12258 · Cited by 16
International Trade and Domestic Legal Systems: Examining the Impact of Islamic Law
Powell, E. J., & Rickard, S. J. (2010) · International Interactions · doi:10.1080/03050629.2010.523668 · Cited by 16
Capital Mobility and the Origins of Stock Markets
Verdier, D. (2001) · International Organization · doi:10.1162/00208180151140595 · Cited by 16
Center–Periphery Alignments and Political Contention in Late-Modern Europe
Tarrow, S. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511617072.004 · Cited by 16
Computational Analysis of Multilateral Trade Liberalization in the Uruguay Round and Doha Development Round
Brown, D. K., Deardorff, A. V., & Stern, R. M. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-22688-5_38 · Cited by 16
Technology, Trade Sensitivity, and Labor Displacement
Addison, J. T., Fox, D. A., & Ruhm, C. J. (2000) · Southern Economic Journal · doi:10.1002/j.2325-8012.2000.tb00281.x · Cited by 16
THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF TARIFFS IN THE 1930s IN AUSTRALIA: THE BRIGDEN REPORT RE‐EXAMINED*
Siriwardana, M. (1996) · Australian Economic Papers · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8454.1996.tb00056.x · Cited by 16
Sharing the growth dividend: analysis of inequality in Asia
IMF, U., Jain-Chandra, S., Kinda, T., IMF, U., Kochhar, K., IMF, U., Piao, S., Ant Financial Services Group, C., Schauer, J., & IMF, U. (2019) · Journal of Banking and Financial Economics · doi:10.7172/2353-6845.jbfe.2019.2.1 · Cited by 15
Does global value chains participation improve skill premium? Mediating role of skill-biased technological change
Li, H., Cai, W., & Li, W. (2021) · Economic Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2021.03.008 · Cited by 15
Bilgi ve Uluslararası Ticaret Teorileri
Bayraktutan, Y. (2003) · Kocaeli Üniversitesi - AVESİS · Cited by 15
Classical or Gravity? Which Trade Model Best Matches the UK Facts?
Minford, P., & Xu, Y. (2017) · Open Economies Review · doi:10.1007/s11079-017-9470-z · Cited by 15
Why your neighbor matters: Positions in preferential trade agreement networks and export growth in global value chains
Park, J. H., & Kim, B. K. (2020) · Economics and Politics · doi:10.1111/ecpo.12152 · Cited by 15
Globalization and Gender Inequalities in Sub-Saharan Africa
Bataka, H. (2020) · The International Trade Journal · doi:10.1080/08853908.2020.1774448 · Cited by 15
Generalising the political economy of structural change: A Structural Political Economy approach
Cardinale, I., & Landesmann, M. A. (2020) · Structural Change and Economic Dynamics · doi:10.1016/j.strueco.2020.07.001 · Cited by 15
Inequality and financial development: Evidence from selected MENA region countries
Selim, P. M. B., & Güngör, H. (2020) · International Journal of Finance & Economics · doi:10.1002/ijfe.1930 · Cited by 15
Economic integration and unit labour costs
Piton, S. (2021) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2021.103746 · Cited by 15
International financial integration, the level of development, and income inequality: Some empirical evidence
Erauskin, I., & Turnovsky, S. J. (2022) · International Review of Economics & Finance · doi:10.1016/j.iref.2022.05.013 · Cited by 15
General Equilibrium Dynamics of Multi-Sector Growth Models
Jensen, B. S., & Larsen, M. E. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-211-26650-x_2 · Cited by 15
Globalization and the Labor Share in the United States
Hung, J. H., & Hammett, P. (2014) · Eastern Economic Journal · doi:10.1057/eej.2014.50 · Cited by 15
Trade and inequality in wages and unemployment
Bjørnstad, R., & Skjerpen, T. (2005) · Economic Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2005.07.006 · Cited by 15
The long and short of it: global liberalization and the incomes of the poor
Weller, C. E., & Hersh, A. S. (2004) · Journal of Post Keynesian Economics · doi:10.1080/01603477.2004.11051407 · Cited by 15
General equilibrium theory and competitive trade models
Jones, R. W. (2012) · International Journal of Economic Theory · doi:10.1111/j.1742-7363.2012.00183.x · Cited by 15
Theory and Practice of Commercial Policy: 1945–1990
Krueger, A. O. (1992) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-77267-2_12 · Cited by 15
Conflict generating product price changes: The imputed output approach
Lloyd, P., & Schweinberger, A. G. (1997) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/s0014-2921(96)00031-1 · Cited by 15
Trade and allocation of resources in a distorted economy
Fløystad, G. (1974) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/0014-2921(74)90030-0 · Cited by 15
SHORT‐ AND LONG‐RUN DECOMPOSITIONS OF UK WAGE INEQUALITY CHANGES
Edwards, T. H., & Whalley, J. (2007) · Bulletin of Economic Research · doi:10.1111/j.0307-3378.2007.00252.x · Cited by 15
Trade, Multinationals, & LaborPreprint
Lawrence, R. Z. (1994) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 15
Trade liberalization, domestic reforms, and income inequality: Evidence from Taiwan
Liu, J., Lai, M.-Y., & Liu, Z.-S. (2022) · Review of Development Economics · doi:10.1111/rode.12875 · Cited by 11
The Effects of Taxation on Income Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa
OUEDRAOGO, I. M., Dianda, I., Ouedraogo, P. P. R., Ouedraogo, T. R., & Konfe, B. (2024) · Comparative Economic Studies · doi:10.1057/s41294-024-00235-z · Cited by 14
The double dark side of regional back-shoring
Capello, R., Afonso, D. L., & Perucca, G. (2024) · Global challenges & regional science. · doi:10.1016/j.gcrs.2024.100001 · Cited by 14
The Economic Impact of Technology Transfer in Developing Countries
Piva, M. (2004) · Rivista internazionale di scienze sociali · Cited by 14
Parameter heterogeneity in the foreign direct investment-income inequality relationship: a semiparametric regression analysis
Deng, W., & Lin, Y. (2012) · Empirical Economics · doi:10.1007/s00181-012-0636-7 · Cited by 14
External Shocks, the Real Exchange Rate, and Tax Policy
Tokarick, S. (1995) · Staff Papers · doi:10.2307/3867340 · Cited by 14
Apertura externa, inequidad salarial y calificación laboral en México, 1984-2002
MUNGARAY, A., & Burgos, B. L. (2009) · Problemas del Desarrollo Revista Latinoamericana de Economía · doi:10.22201/iiec.20078951e.2008.152.7705 · Cited by 14
Financial Development and Income Inequality in Vietnam: An Empirical Analysis
Minh, H. C., & Quoc, H. L. (2012) · Journal of Economics and Development · doi:10.33301/2012.14.02.01 · Cited by 14
An Introduction to International Economics
Reinert, K. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108555838 · Cited by 14
A general-equilibrium re-appraisal of the Stolper-Samuelson theorem
Cheng, W. L., Sachs, J. D., & Yang, X. (2000) · Journal of Economics · doi:10.1007/bf01231486 · Cited by 14
Globalization and relative wages: further evidence from U.S. manufacturing industries
Dasgupta, I., & Osang, T. (2002) · International Review of Economics & Finance · doi:10.1016/s1059-0560(00)00080-0 · Cited by 14
Free Trade, Capital Accumulation and Factor Price Equalization*
Inada, K. (1968) · Economic Record · doi:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1968.tb00123.x · Cited by 14
Jointness In Production and Factor‐Price Equalization *
Jones, R. W. (1992) · Review of International Economics · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9396.1992.tb00003.x · Cited by 14
Play It Again, Sam: A New Look at Trade and Wages
Bhagwati, J. N. (1998) · doi:10.7916/d8mc95pv · Cited by 14
Regional Analysis from the Standpoint of International Trade: Is it a Useful Perspective?
MUTTI, J. H. (1981) · International Regional Science Review · doi:10.1177/016001768100600201 · Cited by 14
Theories of Sectoral Balance
Taylor, L. J. (1989) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-19746-0_1 · Cited by 14
A Model of Politics, Tariffs and Rent-seeking in General Equilibrium
Magee, S. P., & Brock, W. A. (1983) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-22741-9_31 · Cited by 14
MONEY, EMPLOYMENT, AND TRADE-BALANCE ADJUSTMENT WITH RIGID WAGES 1
Brecher, R. A. (1978) · Oxford Economic Papers · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a041396 · Cited by 14
Interview with Robert A. Mundell
Vane, H. R., & Mulhearn, C. (2006) · The Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.20.4.89 · Cited by 14
International Trade and Earnings Inequality: A New Factor Content Approach
Adão, R., Carrillo, P. E., Costinot, A., Donaldson, D., & Pomeranz, D. (2020) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w28263 · Cited by 14
Do Trade Agreements Enhance Bilateral Trade? Focus on India and Sri Lanka
Akram, H. W., Ahmad, A., Dana, L., Khan, A., & Akhtar, S. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16020582 · Cited by 13
Global economic order and global economic governance
Susskind, D., & Vines, D. (2024) · Oxford Review of Economic Policy · doi:10.1093/oxrep/grae021 · Cited by 13
Antiglobalization sentiment: Exposure and immobility
Bisbee, J. H., & Rosendorff, B. P. (2024) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/ajps.12872 · Cited by 14
Trade integration and the skill premium: Evidence from a transition economy
Cho, S.-W. S., & Díaz, J. P. (2012) · Journal of Comparative Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jce.2012.08.002 · Cited by 13
Quantifying Australia's ‘Three-Speed’ Boom
Tyers, R., & Walker, A. W. (2016) · Australian Economic Review · doi:10.1111/1467-8462.12130 · Cited by 13
Environmental Impacts and Public Opinion About International Trade: Experimental Evidence from Six OECD Countries
Nguyen, Q., Huber, R. A., & Bernauer, T. (2021) · Global Environmental Politics · doi:10.1162/glep_a_00607 · Cited by 15
Tariffs and growth: The dales hypothesis
Easton, S. T., Gibson, W. A., & Reed, C. G. (1988) · Explorations in Economic History · doi:10.1016/0014-4983(88)90014-9 · Cited by 13
The Trade Competitiveness of Southern Emerging Economies: A Multidimensional Approach Through Cluster Analysis
Montalbano, P., & Nenci, S. (2014) · World Economy · doi:10.1111/twec.12195 · Cited by 13
Trade liberalisation and its impact on income distribution in Ghana
Mensah, I. (2019) · Transnational Corporation Review · doi:10.1080/19186444.2019.1642058 · Cited by 13
A Study of Trade Liberalisation and Factor Mobility with a CGE Model of Australia and New Zealand.
Nana, G., & Poot, J. (1996) · Studies in Regional Science · doi:10.2457/srs.26.2_27 · Cited by 13
Protection with many sellers: An Application to Legislatures with Malapportionment
Hauk, W. R. (2011) · Economics and Politics · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0343.2011.00387.x · Cited by 13
The Economic Consequence of Labor Mobility in China's Regional Development
Lu, D. (2009) · Asian Economic Papers · doi:10.1162/asep.2009.8.2.85 · Cited by 13
English Auctions and the Stolper - Samuelson Theorem
Dubra, J., Echenique, F., & Manelli, A. M. (2007) · Journal of Economic Theory · doi:10.1016/j.jet.2008.07.001 · Cited by 13
Institutionalism and New Trade Theory: Rethinking Comparative Advantage and Trade Policy
Palley, T. I. (2008) · Journal of Economic Issues · doi:10.1080/00213624.2008.11507121 · Cited by 13
Technology and public goods
Kohli, U. R. (1985) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/0047-2727(85)90015-5 · Cited by 13
British public policy, 1776–1939
Checkland, S. G. (1989) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521225045.009 · Cited by 13
The Early History of the Box Diagram
Humphrey, T. M. (1996) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 13
On the Distributive Effects of Terms of Trade Shocks: The Role of Non-Tradable GoodsPreprint
Galiani, S., Heymann, D., & Magud, N. (2009) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1324243 · Cited by 13
GTAP-POV: A Framework for Assessing the National Poverty Impacts of Global Economic and Environmental Change
Hertel, T. W., Verma, M. V. D. B., Ivanic, M., Magalhães, E., Ludeña, C. E., & Ríos, A. R. (2015) · doi:10.18235/0000178 · Cited by 13
What Do We Know About the Labor Share and the Profit Share? Part II: Empirical StudiesPreprint
Giovannoni, O. G., Lei, L., Nguyen, D., & Xu, A. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2439890 · Cited by 13
Adjusting to Globalization - Evidence from Worker-Establishment Matches in GermanyPreprint
Dauth, W., Findeisen, S., & Suedekum, J. (2016) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 13
Margins of Labor Market Adjustment to Trade
Dix-Carneiro, R., & Kovak, B. K. (2017) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w23595 · Cited by 13
Trade Liberalisation and Poverty in a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model: The Sri Lankan Case
Naranpanawa, A. (2005) · Griffith Research Online · doi:10.25904/1912/1832 · Cited by 13
Trade Liberalization
Acharya, S. (2015) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-137-37138-6_21 · Cited by 13
Mastering the transition: A synthetic literature review of trade adaptation policies
Grundke, R., & Arnold, J. (2022) · OECD Economics Department working papers · doi:10.1787/5fad3487-en · Cited by 13
The Role of Global Value Chains for Worker Tasks and Wage Inequality
Lewandowski, P., Madoń, K., & Winkler, D. E. (2023) · World Economy · doi:10.1111/twec.13630 · Cited by 12
Impact of Trade on Inequality: New Evidence of What, When, and Where
Siddique, A. (2021) · CESifo Economic Studies · doi:10.1093/cesifo/ifab005 · Cited by 10
Bertil Ohlin 1899–1979
Samuelson, P. A. (1982) · Journal of International Economics · doi:10.1016/0022-1996(82)90025-3 · Cited by 12
Self-citation

Authors: Stolper, W. F., & Samuelson, P. A.
Venue: The Review of Economic Studies
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1941-11-01
Volume: 9
Issue: 1
Pages: 58-73
ISSN: 0034-6527 (ISSN-L)
1467-937X
DOI: 10.2307/2967638
OpenAlex: W2029167274
Cited by: 2,430
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 62 · 2025: 124 · 2024: 104 · 2023: 71 · 2022: 81 · 2021: 99 · 2020: 111 · 2019: 120 · 2018: 70 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 77 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 80 · 2012: 86
FWCI: 0.00
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The Review of Economic Studies (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › General Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Global trade and economics
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › General Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economic Theory and Policy
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Historical Economic and Social Studies
Keywords: protectionism, tariffs, real wages, wage determination, international trade, factor prices, Stolper-Samuelson theorem

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Protection and Real Wages

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks