The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Appropriate Critical Values When Testing for a Single Multivariate Outlier by Using the Mahalanobis Distance
Abstract
Kay I. Penny, Appropriate Critical Values When Testing for a Single Multivariate Outlier by Using the Mahalanobis Distance, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C (Applied Statistics), Vol. 45, No. 1 (1996), pp. 73-81
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“We found a maximum Mahalanobis distance of 13.58, under the critical value of 18.47 for MANOVAs with three dependent variables (Penny, 1996).”
From Sex Education Among Recent High School Graduates (2025) · cites this paper as Penny, 1996
Citations
Cites
A User's Guide to Principal Components
Leigh, S. D., & Jackson, J. E. (1993) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1269292 · Cited by 3,346
BARNETT, V. D., Lewis, T., & Abeles, F. F. (1979) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.2995737 · Cited by 2,834
Principles of Multivariate Analysis
Ling, R. F., & Krzanowski, W. J. (1990) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1268873 · Cited by 818
The stalactite plot for the detection of multivariate outliers
Atkinson, A. C., & Mulira, H.-M. (1993) · Statistics and Computing · doi:10.1007/bf00146951 · Cited by 73
Sequential Application of Wilks's Multivariate Outlier Test
Caroni, C., & Prescott, P. (1992) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C (Applied Statistics) · doi:10.2307/2347567 · Cited by 57
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
On the meaning and use of kurtosis.
DeCarlo, L. T. (1997) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.2.3.292 · Cited by 1,767
A simple more general boxplot method for identifying outliers
Schwertman, N. C., Owens, M. A., & Adnan, R. (2003) · Computational Statistics & Data Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.csda.2003.10.012 · Cited by 348
The Politecnico di Torino rolling bearing test rig: Description and analysis of open access data
Daga, A. P., Fasana, A., Marchesiello, S., & Garibaldi, L. (2018) · Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing · doi:10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.10.010 · Cited by 256
Data, M. C. (2020) · OAPEN (The OAPEN Foundation) · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43742-2 · Cited by 273
Outlier detection in the multiple cluster setting using the minimum covariance determinant estimator
Hardin, J., & Rocke, D. M. (2003) · Computational Statistics & Data Analysis · doi:10.1016/s0167-9473(02)00280-3 · Cited by 237
Zhu, H., Patrick, K. S., Yuan, H.-J., Wang, J. S., Donovan, J. L., DeVane, C. L., Malcolm, R. J., Johnson, J. A., Youngblood, G. L., Sweet, D. H., et al. (2008) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.04.015 · Cited by 229
Liu, Q., Wang, X., Huang, X., & Yin, X. S. (2020) · Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tust.2020.103595 · Cited by 228
The Distribution of Robust Distances
Hardin, J., & Rocke, D. M. (2005) · Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics · doi:10.1198/106186005x77685 · Cited by 208
Trends in income inequality, pro-poor income growth, and income mobility
Jenkins, S. P. (2006) · Oxford Economic Papers · doi:10.1093/oep/gpl014 · Cited by 181
Study on the Relationship between Soil Selenium and Plant Selenium Uptake
Zhao, C., Ren, J., Xue, C., & Lin, E. (2005) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-005-7011-9 · Cited by 162
The effects of core self‐evaluations and transformational leadership on organizational commitment
Joo, B.-K. B., Yoon, H. J., & Jeung, C. (2012) · Leadership & Organization Development Journal · doi:10.1108/01437731211253028 · Cited by 133
Mabbe, E., Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., & Van Leeuwen, K. (2016) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12166 · Cited by 113
The Masking Breakdown Point of Multivariate Outlier Identification RulesPreprint
Becker, C., & Ursula Gather, C. (1997) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.17877/de290r-15061 · Cited by 113
Synowiec, A., Kalemba, D., Drozdek, E., & Bocianowski, J. (2016) · Journal of Pest Science · doi:10.1007/s10340-016-0759-2 · Cited by 107
The Masking Breakdown Point of Multivariate Outlier Identification Rules
Becker, C., & Ursula Gather, C. (1999) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1999.10474199 · Cited by 156
A Comparison of Multivariate Outlier Detection Methods for Clinical Laboratory Safety Data
Penny, K. I., & Jolliffe, I. T. (2001) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D (The Statistician) · doi:10.1111/1467-9884.00279 · Cited by 101
Self-citationOn the predictors of computational thinking and its growth at the high-school level
Guggemos, J. (2020) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104060 · Cited by 108
Identifying outliers with sequential fences
Schwertman, N. C., & de Silva, R. (2006) · Computational Statistics & Data Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.csda.2006.01.019 · Cited by 97
New Regulators of a High Affinity Ca2+ Influx System Revealed through a Genome-wide Screen in Yeast
Martin, D. C., Kim, H., Mackin, N. A., Maldonado‐Báez, L., Evangelista, C. C., Beaudry, V. G., Dudgeon, D. D., Naiman, D. Q., Erdman, S. E., & Cunningham, K. W. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.177451 · Cited by 94
Lorenz, L., Doherty, A. M., & Casey, P. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16071238 · Cited by 92
Salgado, C. M., Azevedo, C., Proença, H. M., & Vieira, S. M. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43742-2_14 · Cited by 76
Olfactory Stimuli Increase Presence in Virtual Environments
Munyan, B. G., Neer, S. M., Beidel, D. C., & Jentsch, F. G. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157568 · Cited by 85
Sunny, J. S., Patro, C. P. K., Karnani, K., Pingle, S. C., Lin, F., Anekoji, M., Jones, L., Kesari, S., & Ashili, S. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22030756 · Cited by 77
Kim, T.-D., Yang, M.-Y., Bae, J., Min, B.-A., Lee, I., & Kim, J. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.09.019 · Cited by 73
Predictors of enhancing human physical attractiveness: Data from 93 countries
Kowal, M., Sorokowski, P., Pisanski, K., Valentová, J. V., Varella, M. A. C., Frederick, D. A., Al-Shawaf, L., García, F. E., Giammusso, I., Gjoneska, B., et al. (2022) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.08.003 · Cited by 72
Deficient aversive-potentiated startle and the triarchic model of psychopathy: The role of boldness
Esteller, À., Poy, R., & Moltó, J. (2016) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.03.012 · Cited by 57
Yıldız, B., & Elibol, E. (2020) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/jonm.13200 · Cited by 53
DETECTING MULTIVARIATE OUTLIERS IN ARTEFACT COMPOSITIONAL DATA*
Baxter, M. J. (1999) · Archaeometry · doi:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1999.tb00986.x · Cited by 53
Ferré, J. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-044452701-1.00076-4 · Cited by 52
Signal Detection in Underwater Sound Using Wavelets
Bailey, T., Sapatinas, T., Powell, K. J., & Krzanowski, W. J. (1998) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1998.10474089 · Cited by 51
Carter, N. J., Schwertman, N. C., & Kiser, T. L. (2009) · Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1016/j.stamet.2009.07.001 · Cited by 49
Milot, E., Cohen, A. A., Vézina, F., Buehler, D. M., Matson, K. D., & Piersma, T. (2013) · Methods in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1111/2041-210x.12145 · Cited by 49
Cavioni, V., Grazzani, I., Ornaghi, V., Pepe, A., & Pons, F. (2020) · Journal of Cognition and Development · doi:10.1080/15248372.2020.1741365 · Cited by 43
When leadership elicits voice: Evidence for a mediated moderation model
Jeung, C., & Yoon, H. J. (2017) · Journal of Management & Organization · doi:10.1017/jmo.2017.42 · Cited by 42
The Effect of Furnishing on Perceived Spatial Dimensions and Spaciousness of Interior Space
von Castell, C., Oberfeld, D., & Hecht, H. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113267 · Cited by 42
Chang, J.-Y., Pigorini, A., Massimini, M., Tononi, G., Nobili, L., & Veen, B. D. V. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00317 · Cited by 43
Batens, M., Massant, J., Teodorescu, B., & den Mooter, G. V. (2018) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.02.002 · Cited by 42
Mullin, B. C., Perks, E. L., Haraden, D. A., Snyder, H. R., & Hankin, B. L. (2018) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191118820133 · Cited by 45
Tsaboula, A. D., Menexes, G. C., Papadakis, E., Vryzas, Z., Kotopoulou, A., Kintzikoglou, K., & Papadopoulou‐Mourkidou, E. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.270 · Cited by 38
A socio-interpersonal approach to adjustment disorder: the example of involuntary job loss
Lorenz, L., Perkonigg, A., & Maercker, A. R. A. (2018) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2018.1425576 · Cited by 34
Underlying cause(s) of letter perseveration errors
Fischer‐Baum, S., & Rapp, B. C. (2011) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.12.001 · Cited by 34
Robust partial least squares regression: Part I, algorithmic developments
Krüger, U., Zhou, Y., Wang, X., Rooney, D. W., & Thompson, J. M. (2007) · Journal of Chemometrics · doi:10.1002/cem.1093 · Cited by 34
A Fault-Tolerant Multiple Sensor Fusion Approach Applied to UAV Attitude Estimation
Gu, Y., Gross, J. N., Rhudy, M. B., & Lassak, K. (2016) · International Journal of Aerospace Engineering · doi:10.1155/2016/6217428 · Cited by 34
Bairaktarova, D., & Pilotte, M. K. (2020) · Journal of Engineering Education · doi:10.1002/jee.20309 · Cited by 41
Recent trends in nutrient concentrations in Swedish agricultural rivers
Ulén, B. M., & Fölster, J. (2007) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.11.032 · Cited by 34
On the Condition Monitoring of Induction machines
Lindh, T. (2003) · LUTPub (LUT University) · Cited by 34
Smartphone-Based Rapid Screening of Urinary Biomarkers
Karlsen, H., & Dong, T. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2016.2633508 · Cited by 32
Machine Vibration Monitoring for Diagnostics through Hypothesis Testing
Daga, A. P., & Garibaldi, L. (2019) · Information · doi:10.3390/info10060204 · Cited by 30
Validation of deformable registration in head and neck cancer using analysis of variance
Mencarelli, A., van Beek, S., van Kranen, S. R., Rasch, C. R. N., van Herk, M., & Sonke, J. (2012) · Medical Physics · doi:10.1118/1.4760990 · Cited by 29
Zhang, C., Bahrami, M., Mishra, D. K., Yuen, M. M. F., Yu, Y., & Zhang, J. (2025) · Reliability Engineering & System Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ress.2025.110909 · Cited by 28
Prospective mental imagery as its link with anxiety and depression in prisoners
López‐Pérez, B., Deeprose, C., & Hanoch, Y. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0191551 · Cited by 28
Akıncı, G., Alpkan, L., Yıldız, B., & Karaçay, G. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su142215315 · Cited by 27
Good omens? The intricate relations between educational and vocational identity in adolescence
Negru‐Subtirica, O., Pop, E. I., & Crocetti, E. (2017) · European Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17405629.2017.1313160 · Cited by 30
Analysis of oxygen rate time series in a strongly polluted lagoon using a regression tree method
Nérini, D., Durbec, J. P., & Manté, C. (2000) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/s0304-3800(00)00283-0 · Cited by 26
Distributionally Robust Federated Learning for Network Traffic Classification With Noisy Labels
Shi, S., Guo, Y., Wang, D., Zhu, Y., & Han, Z. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing · doi:10.1109/tmc.2023.3319657 · Cited by 24
Development of a New Scale to Measure Ambiguity Tolerance in Veterinary Students
Hammond, J. A., Hancock, J., Martin, M. S., Jamieson, S., & Mellor, D. J. (2017) · Journal of Veterinary Medical Education · doi:10.3138/jvme.0216-040r · Cited by 27
Diagnostic accuracy of anorectal manometry for fecal incontinence: a meta-analysis
Yeap, Z. H., Simillis, C., Qiu, S., Ramage, L., Kontovounisios, C., & Tekkis, P. P. (2017) · Acta chirurgica Belgica · doi:10.1080/00015458.2017.1394674 · Cited by 25
Einarson, K. A., Baum, A., Olsen, T. B., Larsen, J. O., Armagan, I., Santacoloma, P. A., & Clemmensen, L. K. H. (2021) · Journal of Chemometrics · doi:10.1002/cem.3348 · Cited by 25
Authorship attribution: the case of Oliver Goldsmith
Mannion, D., & Dixon, P. A. (1997) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D (The Statistician) · doi:10.1111/1467-9884.00055 · Cited by 23
Diabetes Changes Symptoms Cluster Patterns in Persons Living With HIV
Zuniga, J. A., Bose, E. L., Park, J., Bluhm, M. D. L., & García, A. A. (2017) · Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care · doi:10.1016/j.jana.2017.07.004 · Cited by 21
Guerrero-Gonzalez, J. M., Yeske, B., Kirk, G. R., Bell, M. J., Ferrazzano, P. A., & Alexander, A. L. (2022) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119475 · Cited by 18
Comparative study between three methods of outlying detection on experimental results
Oliveira, P. M. S., Munita, C. S., & Hazenfratz, R. (2009) · Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s10967-009-0382-2 · Cited by 18
Willis, B. H., & Hyde, C. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.10.016 · Cited by 18
Impact of COVID-19 on educational trips – an Indian case study
Bari, C. S., Chopade, R., Kachwa, S., Navandar, Y. V., & Dhamaniya, A. (2021) · Transportation Letters · doi:10.1080/19427867.2021.1896064 · Cited by 17
García, A. J., Merino‐Soto, C., Ortíz, J. F. B., Gómez, M. E. N., & Castillo, A. M. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02067-x · Cited by 29
Nunes, K. P., Toyota, R. G., Oliveira, P. M. S., Neves, E. G., Soares, E. A. A., & Munita, C. S. (2013) · Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1155/2013/701748 · Cited by 17
ThI, G., Lang, E. W., Prante, O., Maier, A., Cordes, M., Kuwert, T., Ritt, P., & Schmidkonz, C. (2020) · Annals of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12149-020-01440-3 · Cited by 17
On Mahalanobis distance in functional settingsPreprint
Berrendero, J. R., Bueno-Larraz, B., & Cuevas, A. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1803.06550 · Cited by 16
Prabhakar, H., KERR, W. L., Bock, C. H., & Kong, F. (2022) · Journal of Texture Studies · doi:10.1111/jtxs.12723 · Cited by 15
Yıldız, B., Yıldız, H., & Özbilgin, M. F. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1038860 · Cited by 17
The archaeometry study of the chemical and mineral composition of pottery from Brazil’s Northeast
dos Santos, J. O., Munita, C. S., Toyota, R. G., Vergne, C., da Silva, R. S., & Oliveira, P. M. S. (2009) · Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s10967-009-0119-2 · Cited by 15
Żurek, G., Danek, N., Żurek, A., Nowak, J., Żelaźniewicz, A., Orzechowski, S., Stefaniak, T., Nawrat, M., & Kowal, M. (2022) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology11070961 · Cited by 14
Correlations between chemical composition and provenance of Justino site ceramics by INAA
dos Santos, J. O., Munita, C. S., Valério, M. E. G., Vergne, C., & Oliveira, P. M. S. (2008) · Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s10967-007-7236-6 · Cited by 14
Kruse, P., Chipeta, E. M., & Ueberschär, I. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15054109 · Cited by 16
Analysis of the Quality of Service in Gastronomic Festivals
Aguirre, R. C., Carvache‐Franco, M., Carvache‐Franco, W., & Almeida, M. D. C. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su142114605 · Cited by 16
Zarzycka, B., Tomaka, K., Krok, D., Grupa, M., Zając, Z., Hernandez, C., & Paloutzian, R. F. (2023) · Journal of Beliefs and Values · doi:10.1080/13617672.2023.2201034 · Cited by 13
Lachenbruch, P. A. (1997) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533497 · Cited by 13
Incidencia de la actitud conductual en las intenciones emprendedoras en estudiantes universitarios
Farhat, S. D., & Guevara, R. (2019) · Contaduría y Administración · doi:10.22201/fca.24488410e.2019.2074 · Cited by 12
Yang, M., Tuấn, L. T., & Wang, D. (2023) · Journal of Knowledge Management · doi:10.1108/jkm-10-2022-0827 · Cited by 15
Merino‐Soto, C., Carbajal, A. B., Toledano‐Toledano, F., Nabors, L., & Núñez-Benítez, M. Á. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19020935 · Cited by 12
Archaeometric Study of Clay Deposits from the Indigenous Land of the Asurini do Xingu
Munita, C. S., Silva, M. A., Silva, F. A., & Oliveira, P. M. S. (2005) · Instrumentation Science & Technology · doi:10.1081/ci-200048058 · Cited by 12
A failure before analysis: the soup to nuts of preparing for multicountry analyses
Karam, C. M., & Ralston, D. A. (2016) · Cross Cultural & Strategic Management · doi:10.1108/ccsm-05-2016-0105 · Cited by 12
Veresoglou, S. D., Thornton, B., Menexes, G. C., Mamolos, A. P., & Veresoglou, D. S. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044203 · Cited by 11
García, L. M., Caicedo-Garzón, V., & Riveros, A. J. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0300899 · Cited by 10
Anuschek, M., Nielsen, A., Vilhelmsen, T. K., Zeitler, J. A., & Rantanen, J. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Science · doi:10.1016/j.ces.2025.121992 · Cited by 10
Dupuis, M., Meier, E., Gholam-Rezaee, M., Gmel, G., Strippoli, M., & Renaud, O. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.109812 · Cited by 8
On the Nature and Types of Anomalies: A Review.Preprint
Foorthuis, R. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · Cited by 10
Li, G., & Li, H. J. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3095914 · Cited by 9
Neural quantification of timbre and emotions from Indian Classical Music: A multifractal exploration
Basu, M., Sanyal, S., Banerjee, A., Nag, S., Banerjee, K., Sengupta, R., & Ghosh, D. C. (2023) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2023.128937 · Cited by 11
Sex differences in romantic love: an evolutionary perspective
Bode, A., Luoto, S., & Kavanagh, P. S. (2025) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-025-00698-4 · Cited by 22
Diagnosis of CTV-Infected Leaves Using Hyperspectral Imaging
Guo, D., Xie, R., Qian, C., Yang, F., Zhou, Y., & Deng, L. (2015) · Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing · doi:10.1080/10798587.2015.1015772 · Cited by 9
Hasani, S., Asghari, O., Ardejani, F. D., & Yousefi, S. (2017) · Environmental Earth Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12665-017-6852-x · Cited by 9
Characterization of the β-defensin genes in giant panda
Zhang, Z.-Y., Zhang, H., Li, D., Xiong, T.-Y., & Fang, S. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-29898-2 · Cited by 9
Covariance weighted distance metrics for optical diagnosis of cancer
Pratiher, S., Mukhopadhyay, S., Barman, R., Pratiher, S., Pradhan, A., Ghosh, N., & Panigrahi, P. K. (2016) · doi:10.1109/icspcom.2016.7980603 · Cited by 8
Bürger, L., Reis, D., Spielmann, J., Mayer, J., & Steindorf, L. (2025) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102868 · Cited by 8
Kinter, O., & Katı, Y. (2022) · Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.37880/cumuiibf.1090558 · Cited by 8
Sex Differences in Physical Attractiveness Investments: Overlooked Side of Masculinity
Kowal, M., & Sorokowski, P. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19073842 · Cited by 8
Chan, C. K. Y., & Luk, L. Y. Y. (2022) · Studies In Educational Evaluation · doi:10.1016/j.stueduc.2022.101168 · Cited by 8
Indigenous tourism in Panama: segmenting international visitors
Chercoles, R., Ruhanen, L., Axelsen, M., & Hughes, K. (2020) · Journal of Heritage Tourism · doi:10.1080/1743873x.2020.1782923 · Cited by 7
Wuytens, N., Schepers, J., Vandekerkhof, P., & Voordeckers, W. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.892223 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Penny, K. I.
- Affiliations
- University of Aberdeen (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Penny, Kay I.
- ORCID
- Penny, Kay I.
- Venue
- Applied Statistics
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1996
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 73
- ISSN
- 0035-9254 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W165229505
- Cited by
- 214
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 4.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C (Applied Statistics) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Statistical Methods and Models
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- multivariate outliers, Mahalanobis distance, critical values, outlier detection, multivariate normal distribution
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review