The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Does it matter who answers the race question? Racial classification and income inequality in Brazil
Abstract
Previous studies ofracial inequality have relied on official statistics that presumably use self-classification of race. Using novel data from a 1995 national survey in Brazil, we find that the estimates of racial income inequality based on self-classification are lower than those based on interviewer classification. After human capital and labor market controls, whites earn 26% more than browns with interviewer classification but earn only 17% more than browns with self-classification. Black-brown differences hardly change: Blacks earn 13% and 12% less than browns with interviewer classification and self-classification, respectively. We contend that interviewer classification of race is more appropriate because analysts of racial inequality are interested in the effects of racial discrimination, which depends on how others classify one's race.
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“Self-identification has been shown to be responsive to one's arrest records [89] and to one's class position [115].”
From Towards a critical race methodology in algorithmic fairness (2020) · cites this paper as [115]
In the citing paper
“When race is utilized as a descriptive category, the choices about what categories to use and how to assign individuals to categories significantly impacts the results of analysis [18, 102, 114, 115].”
From Towards a critical race methodology in algorithmic fairness (2020) · cites this paper as [115]
Citations
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- 1996, Diversidades Brasileiras: Um Olhor Demografico
- de Barros, 1996, O Papel da Cor no Processo de Estratificação Social Brasileiro
- Green, 1990, Econometric Analysis
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Who Is Multiracial? Assessing the Complexity of Lived Race
Harris, D. R., & Sim, J. J. (2002) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/3088948 · Cited by 324
The multiple dimensions of race
Roth, W. D. (2016) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2016.1140793 · Cited by 486
The cost of color: Skin color, discrimination, and health among African-Americans
Monk, E. P. (2015) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/682162 · Cited by 386
Telles, E., & Paschel, T. (2014) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/679252 · Cited by 226
Self-citationTowards a critical race methodology in algorithmic fairness
Hanna, A., Denton, R., Smart, A., & Smith-Loud, J. (2020) · Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency · doi:10.1145/3351095.3372826 · Cited by 295
Metadata
- Authors
- Telles, E. E., & Lim, N.
- Affiliations
- Ford Foundation (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- ORCID
- Telles, Edward E.
- Venue
- Demography
- Publisher
- Duke University Press
- Published
- 1998-11-01
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 465-474
- ISSN
- 0070-3370 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-7790
- OpenAlex
- W2001175042
- Cited by
- 280
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 11.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Demography (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Labor market dynamics and wage inequality
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
- Keywords
- racial classification, racial income inequality, racial discrimination, black-white income gap, Brazil, racial stratification
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Black or African American, Brazil, Data Collection, Humans, Income, Interviews as Topic, Prejudice, Random Allocation, Social Class, Urban Population, Bias, Likelihood Functions, Black People, White People, Racial Groups
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