The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Scale to Measure Self-Concepts, Person Concepts, and Product Concepts
Abstract
The author describes the construction of a scale to measure self-concepts, person concepts, and product concepts. Multivariate analysis and multidimensional scaling procedures are employed to develop a 15-item semantic differential scale. Measures of test-retest reliability are reported. Validity of the scale is assessed by the multitrait-multimethod matrix approach.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.
Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0046016 · Cited by 17,116
Personality and consumer behavior: A review
Kassarjian, H. H. (1971) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224377100800401 · Cited by 601
Cited by
Direct and indirect effects of self-image congruence on brand loyalty
Kressmann, F., Sirgy, M. J., Herrmann, A., Huber, F., Huber, S., & Lee, D.-J. (2006) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.06.001 · Cited by 971
Self concept and product choice: An integrated perspective
Malhotra, N. K. (1988) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/0167-4870(88)90029-3 · Cited by 538
Self-citationSymbolism in California’s early market for hybrid electric vehicles
Heffner, R. R., Kurani, K. S., & Turrentine, T. S. (2007) · Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.trd.2007.04.003 · Cited by 375
Brocato, E. D., Voorhees, C. M., & Baker, J. (2012) · Journal of Retailing · doi:10.1016/j.jretai.2012.01.006 · Cited by 374
Branding Social Media in the Travel Industry
Christou, E. (2015) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.1244 · Cited by 69
Metadata
- Authors
- Malhotra, N. K.
- Venue
- Journal of Marketing Research
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1981-11
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 456-464
- ISSN
- 0022-2437 (ISSN-L)
- 1547-7193
- OpenAlex
- W2315631756
- Cited by
- 376
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 4.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Scale to Measure Self-Concepts, Person Concepts, and Product Concepts. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/002224378101800407
- The paper
- Malhotra, N. K. (1981). A Scale to Measure Self-Concepts, Person Concepts, and Product Concepts. Journal of Marketing Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800407
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.