The DOI matches its Crossref record.
A Piece of the Pie: Blacks and White Immigrants Since 1880
Open accessAbstract
Preface Acknowledgments 1. The Problem: Black-New European Differences Part I: Structural Background 2. The Initial Conditions 3. Government: Black Participation and Power 4. Government: The New European Groups 5. Legal and Political Issues Part II: Socioeconomic Conditions 6. Education 7. Education in the North 8. Further Analyses of Education in the North 9. Residential Segregation 10. Earning a Living: 1900 11. Occupational Trends Earlier in this Century Part III: Conclusions 12. Conclusions References Index
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks
McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & Cook, J. M. (2001) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.415 · Cited by 18,567
Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies
Swidler, A. (1986) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095521 · Cited by 8,661
Putnam, R. D. (2007) · Scandinavian Political Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9477.2007.00176.x · Cited by 4,027
Methodological nationalism and beyond: nation–state building, migration and the social sciences
Wimmer, A., & Glick Schiller, N. (2002) · Global Networks · doi:10.1111/1471-0374.00043 · Cited by 3,754
Racial Residential Segregation: A Fundamental Cause of Racial Disparities in Health
Williams, D. R., & Collins, C. (2001) · Public Health Reports · doi:10.1093/phr/116.5.404 · Cited by 3,153
Metadata
- Authors
- Martin, W. T., & Lieberson, S.
- Venue
- Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers canadiens de sociologie
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1982
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 445
- ISSN
- 0318-6431 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2137066276
- Cited by
- 667
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 46.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Piece of the Pie: Blacks and White Immigrants Since 1880. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/3339903
- The paper
- Martin, W. T., & Lieberson, S. (1982). A Piece of the Pie: Blacks and White Immigrants Since 1880. Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers canadiens de sociologie. https://doi.org/10.2307/3339903
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.