Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 3,028

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation. Southern Europe, South America and Post-Communist Europe

Open access
Coller, Xavier, Linz, Juan J., Stepan, Alfred·1996·Reis

Abstract

This comparative analysis of the process of democratization looks at Southern Europe, South America and post-communist Europe. The authors reconceptualize the major types of modern nondemocratic regimes, and the consequences of each type for the paths available to democratic transition and consolidation. An effective state is seen as necessary for effective citizenship, and the text offers criteria and evidence for politicians and scholars alike to distinguish between democratic consolidation and pseudo-democratization. Interviews are included with participants in most of the 14 countries studied.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2307/40184001

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cited by

See all 3,028

Metadata

Authors
Coller, X., Linz, J. J., & Stepan, A.
Venue
Reis
Publisher
JSTOR
Published
1996
Issue
76
Pages
291
ISSN
0210-5233 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1967654433
Cited by
3,028
References
0
FWCI
250.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
diamond

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation. Southern Europe, South America and Post-Communist Europe. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/40184001
The paper
Coller, X., Linz, J. J., & Stepan, A. (1996). Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation. Southern Europe, South America and Post-Communist Europe. Reis. https://doi.org/10.2307/40184001

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.