The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Conflict and Strategic Choice: How Top Management Teams Disagree
Abstract
Substantive conflict is natural within top management teams as executives struggle with making high-stakes choices under conditions of ambiguity and uncertainty. Yet, many top management teams fail to sufficiently debate appropriate courses of action. This article reports on a field study of top management teams and examines four managerial levers that can help executives overcome the cognitive, emotional, and political barriers to engaging in conflict. These levers are: build a heterogeneous team; create frequent interactions within that team; cultivate a distinct symphony of roles such as Counselor, Futurist, and Ms. Action around fundamental tensions within managing; and use multiple-lens tactics such as competitor role playing and multiple alternatives to provide unexpected vantage points on key issues.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This is supported by studies that show that some successful firms actively seek tensions to improve decision making (Eisenhardt et al. 1997;Norman et al. 2004).”
From Stakeholder marketing: theoretical foundations and required capabilities (2015) · cites this paper as Eisenhardt et al. 1997
Citations
Cites
(2013) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj · Cited by 5,028
Martín, L. Á. G., & Ronda‐Pupo, G. A. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-349-94848-2_565-1 · Cited by 3,057
Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology.
(1962) · Anthropology News · doi:10.1111/an.1962.3.1.6.1 · Cited by 1,576
Schweiger, D. M., Sandberg, W. R., & Ragan, J. W. (1986) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/255859 · Cited by 682
Learning motivated by a manipulation drive.
Harlow, H. F., Harlow, M. K., & Meyer, D. R. (1950) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0056906 · Cited by 357
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- Priem R., 1990, Strategic Management Journal (
- Tjosvold D., 1991, The Positive Conflict Orga- nization (Reading
- Janis I., 1982, Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascos (Boston
- D., 1986, Hickson et al
- Eisenhardt K., 1988, Academy of Management Journal (
- Pelled L. H., 1996, Demographic Diversity in Work Groups: An Assessment of Linkages to Intragroup Conflict and Performance," unpublished manuscript
- Pruitt D., 1986, Social Conflict: Escalation, Stalemate, and Settlement (New York
- Guetzkow H., 1968, Group Dynamics: Research and Theory (New York
- Hackman J.R., 1980, Work Redesign (Reading
- Eisenhardt K., But Still Get Along," in V
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Exploring the Black Box: An Analysis of Work Group Diversity, Conflict and Performance
Pelled, L. H., Eisenhardt, K. M., & Xin, K. R. (1999) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2667029 · Cited by 2,971
Self-citationCarpenter, M., Geletkanycz, M., & Sanders, W. G. (2004) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1016/j.jm.2004.06.001 · Cited by 2,309
Managing Strategic Contradictions: A Top Management Model for Managing Innovation Streams
Smith, W. K., & Tushman, M. L. (2005) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1050.0134 · Cited by 2,334
Women in the Boardroom and Their Impact on Governance and PerformancePreprint
Adams, R. B., & Ferreira, D. (2008) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1107721 · Cited by 1,202
Out of Sight, Out of Sync: Understanding Conflict in Distributed Teams
Hinds, P. J., & Bailey, D. E. (2003) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.14.6.615.24872 · Cited by 974
Metadata
- Authors
- Eisenhardt, K. M., Kahwajy, J. L., & Bourgeois, L. J.
- Venue
- California Management Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1997-01
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 42-62
- ISSN
- 0008-1256 (ISSN-L)
- 2162-8564
- OpenAlex
- W2031754154
- Cited by
- 370
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 11.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- California Management Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Conflict Management and Negotiation
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Leadership, Behavior, and Decision-Making Studies
- Keywords
- top management teams, team conflict, strategic choice, decision making under uncertainty, team heterogeneity, team roles, role play, multiple alternatives, organizational politics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
