Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 1,483

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Alien plants in checklists and floras: towards better communication between taxonomists and ecologists

Pyšek, Petr, Richardson, David M., Rejmánek, Marcel, Webster, Grady L., Williamson, Mark, Kirschner, Jan·2004·TAXON
DOI 10.2307/4135498
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The number of studies dealing with plant invasions is increasing rapidly, but the accumulating body of knowledge has unfortunately also spawned increasing confusion about terminology. Invasions are a global phenomenon and comparison of geographically distant regions and their introduced biota is a crucially important methodological approach for elucidation of the determinants of invasiveness and invasibility. Comparative studies of alien floras provide substantial new insights to our understanding of general patterns of plant invasions. Such studies, using information in previously published floras and checklists, are fundamentally dependent on the quality of the assessment of particular species with respect to their taxonomic identity, time of immigration and invasion status. Three crucial decisions should be made when defining the status of a plant species in a given region: (1) whether the taxon is native or alien to that region (origin status); (2) what is its position in the invasion process, i.e., when was it introduced (residence status); and (3) what is the degree of its naturalization and possible invasion (invasion status). Standard floras differ hugely in their treatment of non­native species and those with appropriate categorization of alien species according to their status are rather rare. The present paper suggests definitions of terms associated with plant invasions and places these into the context of floras. Recommendations are outlined on how to deal with the issue of plant invasions in standard floras with the aim of contributing to a better understanding between taxonomists and ecologists and allowing more detailed comparative analyses of alien floras of various regions of the world.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2307/4135498

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 111

  1. 10.1016/0169-5347(92)90020-C · DOI · Paper page
  2. Balick M. J., 2000, Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Belize.
  3. Barbour M. G., 1970, Saga of the West Coast sea-rockets: Cakile edentula ssp, californica and C. maritima. Rhodora, 70, 370
  4. Braun-Blanquet J., 1922, Vocabulaire de Sociologie Végétale.
  5. Burda R. I., 1991, Antropogennaia Transformacia Flory.
  6. Cholewa A. F., 2002, Annotated Checklist of the Flora of Minnesota.
  7. Clapham A. R., 1987, Flora of the British Isles
  8. Clement E. J., 1994, Alien Plants of the British Isles. A Provisional Catalogue of Vascular Plants (excludinggrasses).
  9. 10.1098/rstb.1996.0108 · DOI · Paper page
  10. Cullen J., 1995, The European Garden Flora. Vol. 4. Dicotyledons (Part II).
  11. Cullen J., 1997, The European Garden Flora. Vol. 5. Dicotyledons (Part III).
  12. Cullen J., 2000, The European Garden Flora. Vol. 6. Dicotyledons (Part IV).
  13. 10.1016/S0006-3207(97)00096-7 · DOI · Paper page
  14. 10.1086/321316 · DOI · Paper page
  15. Daehler C. C., 2001, Two ways to be an invader, but one is more suitable for ecology, Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer, 82, 206
  16. Darwin C., 1859, On the Origin of Species.
  17. Davis M. A., 2000, Eight ways to be a colonizer, two ways to be an invader: A proposed nomenclature scheme for invasion ecology, Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer, 81, 206
  18. Davis M. A., 2001, Invasion terminology: Should ecologists define their terms differently than others? No, not if we want to be of any help!, Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer., 82, 206
  19. De Candolle A. P., 1855, Geographie Botanique Raisonné
  20. di Castri F., 1989, Biological Invasions: A Global Perspective., 1
  21. di Castri F., 1990, Biological Invasions in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin., 3, 10.1007/978-94-009-1876-4_1 · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1876-4_1
  22. Drake J. A., 1989, Biological Invasions: A Global Perspective.
  23. Dubs B., 1998, Prodromus Florae Matogrossensis.
  24. 10.1073/pnas.97.13.7043 · DOI · Paper page
  25. Elton C., 1958, The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants., 10.1007/978-1-4899-7214-9 · DOI · Paper page
  26. Elven R., 1996, Part 1. Vascular plants, A Catalogue of Svalbard Plants, Fungi, Algae, and Cyanobacteria. Norsk Polarinstitut Skrifter, 198, 9
  27. Ertter B., 2002, The Flowering Plants and Ferns of Mount Diabolo, California.
  28. Essl F., 2002, Neobiota in Österreich.
  29. 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1995.tb01079.x · doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1995.tb01079.x
  30. 10.1017/CBO9780511541803 · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511541803
  31. Fournet J., 2002, Flore Illustrée des Phanérogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique.
  32. Godwin H., 1975, The History of the British Flora
  33. Gojdicová E., 2002, Zoznam nepövodnych, inváznych a expanzívnych cievnatych rastlin Slovenska 2, Ochrana Prírody, 21, 39
  34. Goldblatt P., 2000, Cape Plants—a conspectus of the Cape Flora of South Africa, Strelitzia, 9, 1
  35. 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.013002422.x · DOI · Paper page
  36. 10.1007/978-1-4615-6051-7_5 · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-6051-7_5
  37. Gurevitch J., 2002, The Ecology of Plants.
  38. Hickman J. C., 1993, The Jepson Manual.
  39. 10.1007/BF02851755 · DOI
  40. Hrusa F., 2002, Catalogue of non-native vascular plants occuring spontaneously in California beyond those addressed in The Jepson Manual - Part I, Madroño, 49, 61
  41. Humphries S. E., 1991, Plant invasions of Australian ecosystems, Kowari, 2, 1
  42. Jonsell B., 2000, Flora Nordica
  43. Kloot P. M., 1987, The naturalised flora of South Australia. 1. The documentation of its development, J. Adelaide Bot. Gardens, 10, 81
  44. Klotz S., 2002, BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank zu biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen der Gefäßpflanzen in Deutschland.
  45. Kornas J., 1990, Biological Invasions in Europe and Mediterranean Basin., 19
  46. Kowarik I., 2003, Biologische Invasionen: Neophyten und Neozoen in Mitteleuropa.
  47. Kress W. J., 2003, A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbers of Myanmar, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb., 45, 1
  48. Lesica P., 2002, Flora of Glacier National Park.
  49. Lohmeyer W., 1992, Agriophytes in der Vegetation Mitteleuropas, Schr. R. Vegetationskd., 25, 1
  50. 10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1522:GPOPIA]2.0.CO;2 · DOI · Paper page
  51. MacDonald G., 2003, Biogeography: Introduction to Space, Time and Life.
  52. Macpherson P., 1996, Plant status nomenclature, Bot. Soc. British Isles News, 72, 13
  53. Matthei O. J., 1995, Manual de las Malezas que Crecen en Chile.
  54. 10.2307/3088702 · doi:10.2307/3088702
  55. McNeely J. A., 2001, Global Strategy on Invasive Alien Species.
  56. Mirkin B. M., 1998, Nauka o Rastitelnosti.
  57. Mooney H. A., 1999, Invasive Species and Biodiversity Management., 407, 10.1007/978-94-011-4523-7_27 · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4523-7_27
  58. Mooney H. A., 2000, Invasive Species in a Changing World.
  59. Muhlenbach V., 1979, Contributions to the synanthropic (adventive) flora of the railroads in St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A, Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden, 66, 1, 10.2307/2398794 · doi:10.2307/2398794
  60. Munz P. A., 1968, A California Flora and Supplement.
  61. Neuffer B.&Linde M.1999. Capsella bursa-pastoris colonization and adaptation: a globe-trotter conquers the world. Pp.49–72in:van Raamsdonk L. W. D.&den Nijs J. M. C.(eds.) Plant Evolution in Man-made Habitats.Proceedings of the VIIthInternational IOPB Symposium. Hugo de Vries Laboratory Amsterdam.
  62. Oberdorfer E., 1994, Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora für Süddeutschland und die angrenzenden Gebiete
  63. 10.2307/1312495 · DOI
  64. Prach K., 1992, Population characteristics of expansive perennial herbs, Preslia, 64, 45
  65. Preston C. D., 1986, An additional criterion for assessing native status. Watsonia, 16, 83
  66. Preston C. D., 2002, New Atlas of the British and Irish flora.
  67. Provost M., 1998, Flore Vasculaire de Basse-Normandie
  68. Pyšek P.1995.Recent trends in studies on plant invasions (1974-93). Pp.223–236in:Pysek P. Prach K. Rejmánek M.&Wade M.(eds.) Plant Invasions: General Aspects and Special Problems. SPB Academic Publishing Amsterdam.
  69. Pyšek P., 1998, Is there a taxonomic pattern to plant invasions? Oikos, 82, 282
  70. Pyšek P., 2003, How reliable are data on alien species in Flora Europaea? Flora, 198, 499
  71. 10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00150-1 · DOI · Paper page
  72. Pyšek P., 2002, Catalogue of alien plants of the Czech Republic, Preslia, 74, 97
  73. Pyšek P., 2003, Czech alien flora and a historical pattern of its formation: what came first to Central Europe? Oecologia, 135, 122
  74. Randall J. M., 1997, Assessment and Management of Plant Invasions., 18, 10.1007/978-1-4612-1926-2_3 · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-1926-2_3
  75. Randall R. P., 2002, A Global Compendium of Weeds.
  76. Rejmánek M., 1995, Plant Invasions: General Aspects and Special Problems., 3
  77. Rejmánek M., 1996, Diversity and Processes in Tropical Forest Ecosystems., 153, 10.1007/978-3-642-79755-2_8 · DOI
  78. 10.1046/j.1442-9993.2000.01080.x · DOI · Paper page
  79. 10.1046/j.1466-822X.2001.00124.x · doi:10.1046/j.1466-822x.2001.00124.x
  80. Rejmánek M., 2002, Biological invasions: politics and the discontinuity of ecological terminology, Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer., 83, 131
  81. Rejmánek M., Invasive Alien Species: Searching for Solutions.
  82. Rhoades A. F., 1993, The Vascular Flora of Pennsylvania.
  83. 10.1046/j.1472-4642.2000.00083.x · DOI · Paper page
  84. 10.2307/2997163 · doi:10.2307/2997163
  85. Rothmaler W., 2002, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Band 4. Gefäßpflanzen.
  86. Ryves T. B., 1996, Alien Grasses of the British Isles.
  87. 10.1073/pnas.032477999 · DOI · Paper page
  88. Schroeder F. G., 1969, Zur Klassifizierung der Anthropo- choren, Vegetatio, 16, 225, 10.1007/BF00257018 · DOI
  89. Smith P. M., 1986, Native or introduced? Problems in the taxonomy and plant geography of some widely introduced annual brome-grasses, Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh, 89, 273
  90. Space J. C., 2003, Report to the Republic of Palau on Invasive Plant Species of Environmental Concern.
  91. Spencer R., 1995, Horticultural Flora of South-Eastern Australia
  92. Stace C., 1991, New Flora of the British Isles.
  93. State of Washington Department of Natural Resources, 1982, Endangered, Threatened and Sensitive Vascular Plants of Washington.
  94. Stuckey R. L., 1993, Flora of North America Editorial Committee, 193
  95. Thellung A., 1905, Einteilung der Ruderal- und Adventivflora in genetische Gruppen, Die Flora des Kanton Zürich, 1. Teil. Die Ruderal-und Adventivflora des Kanton Zürich. Vjschr. Naturforsch. Ges. Kanton Zürich, 50, 232
  96. Thellung A., 1918, Zur Terminologie der Adventiv- und Ruderalfloristik, Allg. Bot. Zeitschr
  97. Tutin T. G., 1964, Flora Europaea
  98. Wacquant J. P., 1990, Biological Invasions in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin., 353, 10.1007/978-94-009-1876-4_21 · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1876-4_21
  99. 10.5479/si.00775630.463.1 · DOI
  100. Walters S. M., 1989, The European Garden Flora. Vol. 3. Dicotyledons (Part I).
  101. Walters S. M., 1984, The European Garden Flora. Vol. 1. Monocotyledons (Part I).
  102. Walters S. M., The European Garden Flora. Vol. 2. Monocotyledons (Part II).
  103. Washington Natural Heritage Program, 1984, Endangered, Threatened and Sensitive Vascular Plants of Washington.
  104. Webb D. A., 1985, What are the criteria for presuming native status?, Watsonia, 15, 231
  105. 10.2307/3237208 · DOI
  106. Webster L., 1992, Alien Plant Invasions in Native Ecosystems of Hawai’i: Management and Research., 99
  107. 10.1007/BF01923529 · doi:10.1007/bf01923529
  108. Williamson M., 1996, Biological Invasions.
  109. Williamson M., 2002, Alien plants in the British Isles, 91
  110. Wu S.-H., 2003, Naturalized Fabaceae (Leguminosae) species in Taiwan: the first approximation, Bot. Bull. Acad. Sci. Sin., 44, 59
  111. Zohary M., 1962, Plant Life of Palestine, Israel and Jordan.

Cited by

See all 1,483

Metadata

Authors
Pyšek, P., Richardson, D. M., Rejmánek, M., Webster, G. L., Williamson, M., & Kirschner, J.
Venue
TAXON
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2004-02
Volume
53
Issue
1
Pages
131-143
ISSN
  • 0040-0262 (ISSN-L)
  • 1996-8175
DOI
10.2307/4135498
OpenAlex
W1991762691
Cited by
1,483
References
0
FWCI
40.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Alien plants in checklists and floras: towards better communication between taxonomists and ecologists. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/4135498
The paper
Pyšek, P., Richardson, D. M., Rejmánek, M., Webster, G. L., Williamson, M., & Kirschner, J. (2004). Alien plants in checklists and floras: towards better communication between taxonomists and ecologists. TAXON. https://doi.org/10.2307/4135498

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.