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Cited by 1,794

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On the Rise of Epistemic Meanings in English: An Example of Subjectification in Semantic Change

Traugott, Elizabeth Closs·1989·Language

Abstract

This paper outlines three general tendencies in semantic change, and focuses on the third: meanings tend to become increasingly situated in the speaker's subjective belief state or attitude toward the proposition. Examples are drawn from the development of epistemic, including evidential, meanings in English in three domains: modal auxiliaries (e.g. must ), assertive speech act verbs (e.g. insist that ), and modal adverbs (e.g. apparently ). It is shown that epistemics develop from less to more strongly subjective epistemicity. The process of change involved in the development of epistemics is hypothesized to be strengthening of pragmatic inferences to relevance, not, as has sometimes been suggested, generalization, bleaching, or metaphor.

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Metadata

Authors
Traugott, E. C.
Venue
Language
Publisher
JSTOR
Published
1989-03
Volume
65
Issue
1
Pages
31
ISSN
0097-8507 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2140358605
Cited by
1,794
References
2
FWCI
67.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: On the Rise of Epistemic Meanings in English: An Example of Subjectification in Semantic Change. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/414841
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Traugott, E. C. (1989). On the Rise of Epistemic Meanings in English: An Example of Subjectification in Semantic Change. Language. https://doi.org/10.2307/414841

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.