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Simulation of Solid Particle Impact Behavior for Spray Processes
Open accessAbstract
Several thermal spray processes developed recently are characterized by relatively low temperature and higher velocity of sprayed particles. They include cold spray, high velocity oxy-fuel spray, and warm spray, in which majority or all the sprayed particles are in solid phase when impinging onto the substrate surface. Therefore, in order to understand the coating formation process of such processes, detailed knowledge concerning impact phenomena of a solid particle is essential. It is generally accepted that there exists a minimum velocity beyond which a particle adheres to the substrate and this velocity is called the “critical velocity”. How the critical velocity depends on various materials and process variables is not fully understood yet. In this study, analysis of a metal particle impacting onto a metal substrate was carried out by using a dynamic finite element code (ABAQUS). Effects of a substrate and a particle temperature on the critical velocity were numerically studied. Also, effects of thermal conduction on the simulation results were discussed. It was found that critical velocity decreases with 1) higher stiffness of the substrate, 2) higher particles temperature, and 3) greater particle size.
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For every 100 °C increase in temperature, the particle critical velocity decreases by about 16 m/s.
“According to a previous study, for every 100 °C increase in temperature, the particle critical velocity decreases by about 16 m/s.[48].”
From Cold Spray Process for Co-Deposition of Copper and Aluminum Particles (2023) · cites this paper as [48]
The Results and Discussions section (Fig. 8) says that increasing a copper particle’s initial temperature decreases critical velocity in the adiabatic simulation. It does not state a decrease of about 16 m/s per 100 °C, and it reports different critical velocities for copper and carbon-steel substrates. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Research works printed but not linked: 10
- 1) S. Kuroda: Proc. 15th Int. Therm. Spray Conf. (1998), 539–550. · DOI
- 2) S. V. Klinkov, V. F. Kosarev and M. Rein: Aerospace Sci. Tech. 9 (2005) 582–591. · DOI
- 3) J. Kawakita, T. Fukushima, S. Kuroda, H. Katanoda, K. Matsuo and H. Fukanuma: Proc. Int. Therm. Spray Conf. (2005) 705–708. · DOI
- 4) H. Assadi, F. Gärtner, T. Stolenhoff and H. Kreye: Acta Mater. 51 (2003) 4379–4394. · DOI · Paper page
- 5) A. P. Alkhimov, A. I. Gudilov, V. F. Kosarev and N. I. Nesterovich: J. Appl. Mech. and Tech. Phys. 41 (2000) 188–192. · DOI
- 6) C. J. Li, W. Y. Li, Y. Y. Wang, G. J. Yang and H. Fukanuma: Thin solid film. 489 (2005) 79–85. · DOI
- 7) C. Borchers, F. Gärtner, T. Stoltenhoff, H. Assadi and H. Kreye: J. Appl. Phys. 93 (2003) 10064–10070. · DOI
- 8) T. Schmidt, F. Gärtner, H. Assadi and H. Kreye: Acta Mater. 54 (2006) 729–742. · DOI · Paper page
- 9) D. L. Gilmore, R. C. Dykhuizen, R. A. Neiser, T. J. Roemer and M. F. Smith: J. Therm. Spray Tech. 8 (1999) 576–582. · DOI
- 12) ASM International Handbook, vol. 8, mechanical testing and evaluation (Materials Park, Ohio 2000).
Cited by
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Cold Spray Process for Co-Deposition of Copper and Aluminum Particles
Hu, S., Li, H., Zhang, L., & Xu, Y. (2023) · Coatings · doi:10.3390/coatings13111953 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Yokoyama, K., Watanabe, M., Kuroda, S., Gotoh, Y., Schmidt, T., & Gärtner, F.
- Affiliations
- Tokyo University of Science (JP)
- National Institute for Materials Science (JP)
- Helmut Schmidt University (DE)
- Helmut Schmidt University
- Venue
- MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS
- Publisher
- Japan Institute of Metals
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1697-1702
- ISSN
- 1345-9678 (ISSN-L)
- 1347-5320
- OpenAlex
- W1973925318
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 12.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › High-Temperature Coating Behaviors
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer
- Keywords
- solid particle impact, critical speed, cold spray, substrate stiffness, particle temperature, heat conduction, particle size effects, dynamic finite element simulation
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